Investigative tools

Investigative tools have played a critical role in the advancement of the entire nanofield. The main research areas and design tools may be grouped as  

1) Modeling and simulation of the coimection between structure, properties, fimctions and processing using atom-based quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics and macromolecular approaches. Simulations aims to incorporate phenomena at scales from quantum (0.1 mn), molecular (1 mn) and nanoscale macromolecular (10 mn) dimensions, to mesoscale molecular assemblies (100 run), microscale (1000 mn), and macroscale ( 1 pm). A critical aspect is bridging the spatial and temporal scales. 

3) Information technology, including pattern recognition, molecular organization mechanisms, and nanorobotics. Information on surfaces play a key role in selforganization and selfassembling. 

4) Techniques such as reaction pathways and process control can be used in order to obtain a predetermined structme or function, and integrate the operation of nanosystems with complex 

5) Unique size dependent properties, phenomena, and processes of nano-particle, droplet, bubble, tube, fiber and layer systems. 

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The computer simulation of models for condensed matter systems has become an important investigative tool in both fundamental and engineering research [149-153] for reviews on MC studies of surface phenomena see Refs. 154, 155. For the reahstic modeling of real materials at low temperatures it is essential to take quantum degrees of freedom into account. Although much progress has been achieved on this topic [156-166], computer simulation of quantum systems still lags behind the development in the field of classical systems. This holds particularly for the determination of dynamical information, which was not possible until recently [167-176]. 

This study reveals the need for separate investigative tools for quantitatively characterizing the influence of manufacturing defects and chemical characteristics on the hygrothermal fatigue response and morphology of epoxy thermosets. 

The purpose of the symposium on which this book is based was to report original research advances that use luminescence as a basic investigative tool. Because these applications transcend the fleld of chemistry, a multidisciplinary group of prominent scientists contributed... 

This field by its nature draws from several distinct traditional disciplines. One major goal of this book is to present work from these diverse disciplines, embracing the major areas of inquiry and the investigational tools with which information is obtained, in a form accessible to the non-specialist as well as the specialist. Although an exhaustive survey was impractical, great care was taken to include representations from the full range of organisms and compounds—from... 

The success of fluorescence as an investigative tool in studying the structure and dynamics of matter or living systems arises from the high sensitivity of fluoro-... 

Carl W. Seidel During this discussion I hope that the panel and the audience will comment on the future of Mdssbauer spectroscopy in chemistry, both as an investigative tool for different elements and as to the type of information that is or may be available from Mossbauer spectroscopy. We will begin with questions on Dr. Herberts paper. 

Chapter 4— An Overview of Incident Investigation Tools and Methodologies... 

This chapter provides a brief overview of investigation tools in simple, generic terms, and demonstrates the benefits of using a more structured approach. It describes both public and proprietary methodologies. 

Technique—The manner in which an incident investigation tool is developed or used. 

Methodology—The use of a combination of two or more incident investigation tools to analyze the evidence and determine the root causes of the incident. 

Has the investigation team leader been trained (qualified) to lead investigations and to use appropriate investigative tools ... 

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