Attributes, desired

Commercial Construction. The same attributes desirable on residential constmction appHcations hold for commercial constmction as weU but insulation quaHty, permanence, moisture insensitivity, and resistance to free2e—thaw cycling in the presence of water are of greater significance. For this reason ceUular plastics have greater appHcation here. Both polystyrene and polyurethane foams are highly desirable roof insulations in commercial as in residential constmction. 

While this control can be (and has been) built into the system in many ways, it is useful to first consider the characteristics and attributes desired for the final product. For systems intended for long-acting delivery of drug via the peroral route in humans, most products would require some or all of the following characteristics ... 

To measure the scalability of a process it is necessary to understand the chemistry and reaction kinetics involved and then to determine their impact on well-defined critical quality attributes desired of the product in order to find the optimum processing window within which there is certainty that the product will be of acceptable quality. However, these data are not readily available for many pharmaceutical chemistry reactions, so a subjective measure of a the scalability, robustness, and greenness of many processes has been developed by Pfizer based on operator knowledge and experience to assist development teams both in the laboratory and in pilot plants to develop greener processes [28]. 

Miscellaneous Methods for Manufacture of Sulfur Compounds. The current trend toward synthetic detergents and the fact that sulfonic acids have been found to possess many attributes desirable for a detergent has led to the development of hydrocarbons which upon sulfonation yield a superior type of detergent. One of the most satisfactory types of product for general household application is the alkyl aryl sulfonates. This field is adequately discussed by Griesinger and Nevison... 

The next pair of terms in Equation B attributes desirability to certain types of hydrogen-bonding groups attached to the meta and para positions. The 345-HBD term implies that for every group of general type -HYR attached to the 3, 4, or 5 position, where Y may be N, 0, or S and R may be anything Including H or a... 

Attribute Desired Level Obtain- able Level Isoamyl Acetate Amyl Acetate... 

By using optimal microwave-assisted drying conditions, the high-quality attributes desired by consumers and the excellent functional attributes of the dehydrated products can be provided and relatively easily maintained. 

We have considered the surface tension behavior of several types of systems, and now it is desirable to discuss in slightly more detail the very important case of aqueous mixtures. If the surface tensions of the separate pure liquids differ appreciably, as in the case of alcohol-water mixtures, then the addition of small amounts of the second component generally results in a marked decrease in surface tension from that of the pure water. The case of ethanol and water is shown in Fig. III-9c. As seen in Section III-5, this effect may be accounted for in terms of selective adsorption of the alcohol at the interface. Dilute aqueous solutions of organic substances can be treated with a semiempirical equation attributed to von Szyszkowski [89,90]... 

Acrylonitrile copolymeri2es readily with many electron-donor monomers other than styrene. Hundreds of acrylonitrile copolymers have been reported, and a comprehensive listing of reactivity ratios for acrylonitrile copolymeri2ations is readily available (34,102). Copolymeri2ation mitigates the undesirable properties of acrylonitrile homopolymer, such as poor thermal stabiUty and poor processabiUty. At the same time, desirable attributes such as rigidity, chemical resistance, and excellent barrier properties are iacorporated iato melt-processable resias. 

Measurement Method Selection. A measurement method should meet sampling strategy requirements to the degree that the data can be used for decision making. This does not mean that it must be the optimum method with respect to all requirements. The range of methods available is limited and it is often necessary to select a method deficient in one or more attributes but which can yield data from which conclusions can be drawn with the desired degree of confidence. Some of the attributes to be considered in selecting a method foUow. 

Lead Tetroxide. Lead tetroxide (red lead minium lead orthoplumbite), Pb O, is a brilliant orange-red pigment which accounted for U.S. shipments of 17,780 t ia 1977, mainly to the ceramics and storage battery iadustries (40). U.S. shipments ia 1993 amounted to approximately 12,000 t. The decrease ia usage siace 1973 (19,000 t) is attributable to discontinued use ia the paint and coatings (qv) iadustry, and alterations ia mbber and ceramics (qv) markets. It is iasoluble ia water and alcohol, and dissolves ia acetic acid or hot hydrochloric acid. Red lead is manufactured by heating lead monoxide ia a reverberatory furnace ia the preseace of air at 450—500°C uatil the desired oxidative composition is obtaiaed. 

The throwaway fuel cycle does not recover the energy values present ia the irradiated fuel. Instead, all of the long-Hved actinides are routed to the final waste repository along with the fission products. Whether or not this is a desirable alternative is determined largely by the scope of the evaluation study. For instance, when only the value of the recovered yellow cake and SWU equivalents are considered, the world market values for these commodities do not fully cover the cost of reprocessing (2). However, when costs attributable to the disposal of large quantities of actinides are considered, the classical fuel cycle has been the choice of virtually all countries except the United States. 

Potassium hydroxide [1310-58-3] is occasionaHy used for alkalinity control. This is particularly tme for some polymer and lime muds where a low sodium level is desired. The potassium level of such muds is quite low but has been attributed by some to provide stabHity to water-sensitive shale formations (68,93). 

Theaflavins. One of the more well-defined groups of flavonoid polymers that forms duriag black tea manufacturiag is that of the theaflavins (14). Exhibiting a bright orange-red color in solution, these are important contributors of brightness, a desirable visual attribute used by professional tasters to describe the appearance of tea infusions. 

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