Sodium nitrate fertilizer

Urbansky ET, Brown SK, Magnuson ML, Kelty SK (2001) Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche. Environ Pollut 112 299-302... 

Potassium Nitrate. Potassium nitrate, known but Httle used as a fertilizer for many years, may be reclaimed as a by-product of the production of sodium nitrate from natural deposits of caflche in Chile. KNO also has been produced by the double decomposition reaction between sodium nitrate and potassium chloride ... 

Manufacture. Historically, ammonium nitrate was manufactured by a double decomposition method using sodium nitrate and either ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride. Modem commercial processes, however, rely almost exclusively on the neutralization of nitric acid (qv), produced from ammonia through catalyzed oxidation, with ammonia. Manufacturers commonly use onsite ammonia although some ammonium nitrate is made from purchased ammonia. SoHd product used as fertilizer has been the predominant form produced. However, sale of ammonium nitrate as a component in urea—ammonium nitrate Hquid fertilizer has grown to where about half the ammonium nitrate produced is actually marketed as a solution. 

The sodium nitrate was used as a fertilizer. The evolution of the process was complex the book referenced below lists 63 patents relating to it. It was installed by the Solvay Process Company at Hopewell, VA in the 1930s it was in operation there, subsequently under the management of the Allied Chemical Corporation until the 1950s. 

Soda niter or sodium nitrate (NaNO ) is the most abundant of the nitrate minerals. It is used for fertilizer, explosives, and preservatives. The natural deposits are located in northern Chile, which was the original source for many years. More recently, nitrogen fixation, which extracts nitrogen from air, has been used for producing sodium nitrate. This synthetic process has greatly increased the availability of this useful sodium salt by ehminating the need for the natural source. It is used to preserve and cure meats and is used in photography, in pharmaceuticals, and as a color fixative in fabrics. 

There are several natural deposits of sodium nitrate in various parts of the world, including Chile, Mexico, Egypt, and the United States. The most important application of sodium nitrate is its use as a fertilizer in agriculture. It is an effective fertilizer for cotton, tobacco, and vegetable crops. Its agricultural applications, however, have dwindled considerably in recent years because of the growth of ammonium nitrate and other fertilizers. 

Fertilizer - [AMMONIUMCOMPOUNDS] (Vol2) -ammoniumsulfate [AMMONIUMCOMPOUNDS] (Vol2) -castor pomace as [CASTOR OIL] (Vol 5) -iron compounds m [IRON COMPOUNDS] (Vol 14) -from lignite and brown coal [LIGNITE AND BROWN COAL] (Vol 15) -lime fillers [LIME AND LIMESTONE] (Vol 15) -magnesiumnitrate [MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -molybdenum compounds as [MOLYBDENUMAND COMPOUNDS] (Vol 16) -phosphorus precipitator dust as [PHOSPHORUS] (Vol 18) -raw material for [SULFAMIC ACID AND SULF AMATES] (Vol 23) -sodium nitrate as [SODIUM COMPOUNDS - SODIUM NITRATE] (Vol 22) -vanadium as by-product [VANADIUM AND VANADIUM ALLOYS] (Vol 24)... 

CALICHE (Nitrate). The gravel, rock. soil, or alluvium cemented with soluble salts of sodium in the nitrate deposits of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and Peru. The material contains from 14 to 25% sodium nitrate, 2 to 3% potassium nitrate, and up to I i sodium iodaic. plus some sodium chloride, sulfate, and borate. At one time, this was an important natural fertilizer. 

Nitrate, Potassium nitrate, [CAS 7757-79-1], saltpeter, niter, KNO3. white solid, soluble, mp 333°C, formed by fractional crystallization of sodium nitrate and potassium chloride solutions. Used Cl) in matches, explosives, pyrotechnics, (2) in the pickling of meat. (3) in glass, (4) in medicines, (5) as a rocket-fuel oxidizer, and (6) in the heal treatment of steel. See also Fertilizer. 

Nitrate. Sodium nitrate, nitrate of soda, Chile saltpeter, caliche, [CAS 7631-99-4], NaN03, white solid, soluble, mp 308°C. source in nature is Chile, in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen HN03 is frequently transformed by sodium carbonate into sodium nitrate, and the solution evaporated. Used tl) as an important nitrogenous fertilizer, (2) as a source of nitrate and HNO3, (3) in pyrotechnics, (4) in fluxes,... 

Sodium nitrate is used in fertilizers, fluxes, fireworks, pickling, and heat-treating mixes and as a tobacco additive. 

Absorption Abatement or extended absorption refers to modifications that involve the addition of increased absorption capacity or optimization of the existing absorption system to oxidize and react the nitrogen oxides with water to form acid.. Tail gases are passed through an absorber containing either water or an aqueous solution of ammonia, urea or sodium hydroxide. When water is used as the absorbent, the resultant weak acid is recycled. This increases nitric acid yields by 1% to 3%. When other absorbents are used, the recovered NOx is typically consumed in the production of nitrogen solutions for fertilizer use. If sodium hydroxide is the absorbent, pure sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate may be recovered91,104. 

Sodium Nitrate production for fertilizers, explosives and as a heat transfer medium. 

The effect of soil composition on the photolysis of soil-adsorbed niclosamide using a xenon lamp was reported [86]. The study was conducted with both moist and air-dried soils fortified with sodium nitrate (commonly used as a fertilizer), iron (a natural soil component) or humic acid. Degradation in soils fortified with iron was slower than in that in soils fortified with sodium nitrate and no extractable degradation products were observed in any of the soils fortified with humic acid. Soils with higher organic or iron contents or that are exposed to fertilizers do not affect as dramatically the half-life of pesticides as does the presence of moisture in the soil. The maintenance of moisture was found to be crucial to the reliability of soil photolysis studies. 

Sodium nitrate is a very deliquescent substance,15 and is therefore unsuited for the manufacture of explosives. It is employed in agriculture as a fertilizer, and by double decomposition with potassium chloride yields potassium nitrate. Large quantities are reduced to... 

Alkali metal nitrates have comparatively low-melting points and the solid nitrates are excellent oxidizers at higher temperatures. Potassium nitrate is used as an oxidizer in black powder (75wt% KNO3, 15% charcoal, 10% sulfur). Fertilizer mixtures commonly contain ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate, sometimes sodium or calcium nitrate as nitrogen compounds. Ammonium nitrate is also used as an explosive or as an oxidizer in an explosive mixture. Some properties of important nitrate fertilizers are summarized in Table 31. 

Sodium nitrate is used as a fertilizer and in a number of industrial processes. In the period from 1880—1910 it accounted for 60% of the world fertilizer nitrogen production. In the 1990s sodium nitrate accounts for 0.1% of the world fertilizer nitrogen production, and is used for some specific crops and soil conditions. This decline has resulted from an enormous growth in fertilizer manufacture and an increased use of less expensive nitrogen fertilizers (qv) produced from synthetic ammonia (4 )5 such as urea (qv), ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphates, ammonium sulfate, and ammonia itself (see Ammonium compounds). The commercial production of synthetic ammonia began in 1921, soon after the end of World War I. The main industrial market for sodium nitrate was at first the manufacture of nitric acid (qv) and explosives (see Explosives and propellants). As of the mid-1990s sodium nitrate was used in the production of some explosives and in a number of industrial areas. 

Nitrates and Their Properties. Sodium nitrate, NaNOj, forms colorless crystals closely resembling crystals of calcite, CaCOg (Fig. 9-2). This resemblance is not accidental. The crystals have the same structure, with Na+ replacing Ca++ and NO3- replacing 003 The crystals of sodium nitrate have the same property of birefringence (double refraction) as calcite. Sodium nitrate is used as a fertilizer, and for conversion into nitric acid and other nitrates. 

Most of the nitric acid is utilized in the form of 50 to 70% acid for the manufacture of nitrogen-containing fertilizer, particularly ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is also used as an explosive e.g. in mining, due to its low explosion temperature (safety explosive). Other industrially important nitrates are sodium nitrate, a speciality fertilizer and oxidizing agent in the glass and enamel industries, and calcium and potassium nitrates, which are also used as fertilizers. Nitric acid is also utilized in the digestion of raw phosphate (Odda process, which is not operated in the USA, see Section 2.1.2.4) ... 

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