Nitric Acid yield

Oxidation of a sulphur compound with concentrated nitric acid yields sulphuric acid or a sulphate, which can be tested for with barium chloride. This can be used to estimate the sulphur. 

Addition of silver nitrate to a solution of an iodide in dilute nitric acid, yields a yellow precipitate of silver iodide practically insoluble in ammonia. 

The nitration of phthalic anhydride with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids yields a mixture of 3-nitro- and 4 nitro phthalic acids these are readily separated by taking advantage of the greater solubility of the 4 nitro acid in water. Treatment of 3 nitrophtlialic acid with acetic anhydride gives 3 nitrophthahe anhydride. 

This view was supported by the observation that choline on treatment with nitric acid yielded a product having a pharmacological action similar to that of muscarine as known up to that time. Comparison of the natural and artificial products by Bohm showed that the former was much more active than the latter and that its action was antagonised by atropine, whilst the artificial muscarine had a curare-like action on the atropinised frog. Later, Nothnagel investigated the action of... 

Oxidation of perfbtoroquinobne by fuming nitric acid yields pentafluoro-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroquinoline or hexafluoro-2 oxo-l,2-dihydroquinoline in low yields ]98 (equation 90)... 

Nitration of the phenyl group in furazan 163 and furoxans 157c and 158c with 90% nitric acid yielded mixtures of the corresponding o-(31, 32, and 28%, respectively), m- (21, 23, and 3%, respectively), and p-nitro (48, 45, and 69%, respectively) products (84AP695). 

The reaction of 2-nitrosophenols with aminoguanidine nitrate in the presence of nitric acid yields 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotiiazine 4-oxides 154 (75KGS1571). 

Oxidation of berberine (49) with hot dilute nitric acid yields berberidic acid (220) (58MI1) which can form a cross-conjugated and a pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine on deprotonation as shown in Scheme 72. 

Semmler and Risse have studied the oxidation of cedrene by means of ozone. They obtained the keto-acid, Cj Hj Oj, which on further oxidation either by means of bromine or nitric acid yields a dicarboxylic acid. 

After this reaction-time, the evolution of hydrogen is ceased. Then there are added successively 60 parts dimethylformamide and 8 parts of p-chlorobenzylchloride and stirring and refluxing is continued for another two hours. The tetrahydrofuran is removed at atmospheric pressure. The dimethylformamide solution is poured onto water. The product, 1-[2,4-dichloro-/3-(p-chlorobenzyloxy)phenethyl] imidazole, is extracted with benzene. The extract is washed with water, dried, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. From the residual oily free base, the nitrate salt is prepared in the usual manner in 2-propanol by treatment with concentrated nitric acid, yielding, after recrystallization of the crude solid salt from a mixture of 2-propanol, methanol and diisopropylether, 1-[2,4-dichloro-/3-(p-chlorobenzyl-oxylphenethyl] imidazole nitrate MP 162°C. 

The reaction between arsenious oxide and concentrated nitric acid yields a mixture of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. It also contains some nitrogen tetroxidc and perhaps trioxide, the amount in equilibrium depending upon the temperature of the gas. The compressed air forced in via flask A insures an excess of oxygen, and thus complete oxidation. Only a slow stream is necessary, two to three bubbles per second. 

Nitration of a series of mesomeric betaines was extensively studied in connection with their potential use as explosives (Scheme 3). Nitration of l,2,3-triazolo[2,l- ]benzotriazole 74 can be achieved selectively, occurring first at the 7-position which is followed by nitration at the 3- and 5-positions. Thus, nitration with 45% nitric acid gives a mixture of 7-nitro derivative 75 (39%) and dinitro derivative 76 (58%), while 70% nitric acid yields a mixture of 3,7- (52%), 5,7- (23%), and 3,5-dinitro (5%) isomers 76-78. Clean trinitration to 3,5,7-trinitro-l,2,3-triazolo[2,l- ]benzotriazole 79... 

In early studies, reaction of the Ni(n) complexes (59) and (60) of the trans and cis (diimine) isomers of the Curtis macrocycle with nitric acid yielded the tetraimine species (294) and (295), respectively. There is strong evidence that these reactions proceed via Ni(m) intermediates... 

D-glucose and its lactone from 2,3,6-trimethyl-D-glucose provided conclusive proof that the ring system was not of the hexylene oxide type.142 188 The final evidence necessary to characterize the tetramethylglucose in question as a furanose derivative was provided by Haworth, Hirst and Miller,176 who demonstrated that oxidation of the tetramethylglucose with bromine water and of the resulting lactone with nitric acid yielded dimethoxysuccinic acid and oxalic acid, but not i-zyZo-trimethoxyglutaric acid, the absence of which ruled out a pyranose structure. 

The dinitrocubane 362 was prepared from the corresponding diisocyanate in this way404. In contrast, treatment of isocyanates with nitronium tetrafluoroborate and nitric acid yields A,A-dinitroalkylamines, e.g. BuN(NC>2)2 from butyl isocyanate405. N-Nitrosodialkylamines are oxidized to the corresponding nitro amines by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acetic acid, e.g. equation 123406. 

Treatment of 5,6-dichloro-2,3-dimethyl- -benzoquinone with sodium sulfide followed by oxidation with nitric acid yields the thianthrene derivative (60). Sulfur extrusion from 60 with peracetic acid leads to 2,3,7,8-tetramethyl-l,4,6,9-dibenzothiophene tetrone (61) (overall yield 57%). ... 

Treatment of primary nitramines with absolute nitric acid yields the corresponding nitrate ester and nitrous oxide. 

The condensation of acetaldehyde with excess formaldehyde in the presence of aqueous calcium hydroxide yields pentaerythritol (62) esterification of the latter with absolute nitric acid yields the powerful explosive, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) (3). ... 

Dinitrochlorobenzene (95) reacts with pyridine to form 2,4-dinitrophenylpyridinium chloride (103), a reactive intermediate which readily reacts with a variety of nucleophiles. The reaction of (103) with hydrogen sulfide yields 2,2, 4,4 -tetranitrodiphenylsulfide (104), which on nitration-oxidation with fuming nitric acid, yields 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -hexanitrodiphenylsulfoxide (105). The sulfide (104) is also formed from the reaction of two equivalents of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (95) with sodium thiosulfate or sodium disulfide in aqueous ethanol. ... 

The reaction of hexamine dinitrate (241) with 98% nitric acid at —30°C, followed by quenching with aqueous sodium nitrate, yields the nitrosamine (244). When the same reaction is cautiously quenched with ethanol the ethoxyether (245) is obtained. Treatment of the ethoxyether (245) with cold absolute nitric acid yields the bicyclic ether (246). ° Treatment of any of the cyclic nitramines (242)-(246) with nitric acid and ammonium nitrate in acetic anhydride yields RDX. ° Hexamine dinitrate is often used in low temperature nitrolysis experiments in order to avoid the initial exotherm observed on addition of hexamine to nitric acid. 

The Mannich condensation between nitromethane, formaldehyde and t-butylamine, followed by nitrolysis of the resulting product (101), has been used to synthesize 1,3,5-trinitro-hexahydropyrimidine (102) (TNHP) treatment of the latter with formaldehyde in a Henry type methylolation, followed by 0-nitration with nitric acid, yields the nitrate ester (103). ... 

Boyer and co-workers" also reported the synthesis of the guanidine tricycle (122), prepared as the tetrahydrochloride salt from the condensation of two equivalents of guanidine with 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Treatment of the tricycle (122) with absolute nitric acid yields thebis-nitrimine (123), whereas the same reaction with nitric acid-acetic anhydride yields HHTDD (117). 

Cobalt(II) oxide reacts with acids forming their cobalt(II) salts. Reactions with sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids yield sulfate, chloride and nitrate salts, respectively, obtained after the evaporation of the solution ... 

However, treatment with concentrated nitric acid yields lead(II) sulfate ... 

Osmium tetroxide is obtained as an intermediate during recovery of osmium metal from osmiridium or other noble metal minerals (See Osmium). In general, oxidation of an aqueous solution of an osmium salt or complex, such as sodium osmate with nitric acid, yields the volatile tetroxide which may be distilled out from the solution. In the laboratory, the compound can be prepared by oxidation of the osmium tetrachloride, OsCh, or other halide solutions with sodium hypochlorite followed by distdlation. 

The higher sulfides of tellurium such as TeS2 and TeSs, are obtained from tellurite solutions by precipitation with hydrogen sulfide or sodium sulfide. Tellurium reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form red oxysulfide of the composition, TeSOs. With nitric acid, the metal is oxidized to dioxide, Te02. Oxidation of tellurium with chromic acid or potassium permanganate in nitric acid yields orthotelluric acid (HeTeOe). 

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