Deliquescent substances

Note. Dimethylamine hydrochloride is a deliquescent substance the sample if damp must be dried in a vacuum desiccator and then rapidly weighed before use. 

Lithium bromide also combines with gaseous ammonia to form four solid deliquescent substances. The monammine, [Li(NH3)]Br, is formed above 95° C. the diammine, [Li(NIi3)2]Br, between 87° and 95° C. the triammine, [Li(NH3)3]Br, between 71° and 87° C. and the tetrammine about —18° C.2 Ephraim prepared other ammino-salts of lithium, as, for example, tetrammino-lithium nitrate, [Li(NH3)J(N03), which is a colourless syrup at ordinary temperature and is more stable than the chloride tetrammino-lithium chlorate, [Li(NII3)Ll]C103, which is a fairly mobile liquid and tetrammino-lithium perchlorate, [Li(NH3)4]C104, a white solid which liquefies and decomposes at ordinary temperature.3... 

Triethyl tellurium bromide, (C2H5)3TeBr, is a white deliquescent substance, M.pt. 162° C., dissolving readily in water or alcohol, but insoluble in ether. 

The product is hydrated rhodium trichloride, which, according to Claus 6 contains eight molecules of water. Leidie,1 on the other hand, concluded that the amount of water varies and does not correspond to any definite hydrate. It is an amorphous, briek-red, deliquescent substance which, on heating to 90-95° C., still retains four to five molecules of water and two of hydrogen chloride. At 100° C. it loses water and hydrogen chloride simultaneously, and at 175-180° C. it is completely dehydrated. At 360° C. it becomes insoluble in water, hut it is most... 

Sodium nitrate is a very deliquescent substance,15 and is therefore unsuited for the manufacture of explosives. It is employed in agriculture as a fertilizer, and by double decomposition with potassium chloride yields potassium nitrate. Large quantities are reduced to... 

Rubidium hydroxide, RbOH.—The hydroxide is formed by dissolving the metal in water, or by the action of barium hydroxide on rubidium sulphate. It is a very deliquescent substance, and is volatilized by heat. Its melting-point8 is 301° C., and its density9 3-203 at 11° C. The latent heat of fusion per mol. is 1-614 Cal.10 the heat of formation from the elements is 101-99 Cal.11 A monohydrate and a dihydrate have been described.12... 

Ammonium pyrosulphate, (NH4)8S207.—Sulphur trioxide combines with ammonium sulphate with evolution of heat, yielding the pyrosulphate as an amorphous, translucent, deliquescent substance, rendered crystalline by fusing and allowing to solidify. Its melting-point is given as 138° C.13 The primary sulphate crystallizes from its solution.14... 

Compare the properties of hygroscopic substances and deliquescent substances. 

A deliquescent substance absorbs water from the surrounding air and eventually forms a liquid. 

How can efflorescence be prevented (8) What was the source of the water which gathered on the deliquescent substances (9) By decreasing what property of water is its vapor caused to condense (10) What is the effect of solution on this property (11) Do deliquescent substances form solutions (12) What property of a substance causes it to be deliquescent ... 

The presence of water in the atmosphere may be shown at any time by exposing a deliquescent substance, such as chloride of calcium, to the air, when it quickly becomes moist and finally liquefies by attracting moisture. Air, or any other gas, may thus... 

Trimethylethylphosphonium chloride, (CHg)3P(C2H5)Cl, obtained in the usual manner from the iodide, is a deliquescent substance. When heated above 300° C. it decomposes without melting with formation of ethylene and trimethylphosphonium chloride or dimethylethyl-phosphonium chloride ... 

Tetramethylphosphomum benzoate, (CH3)4P.C02C6Hg, is prepared by neutralising the base with benzoic acid. It is a deliquescent substance, which decomposes above 300° C. into trimethylphosphine oxide and acetophenone ... 

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