Sodium ethyl hydroxybenzoate

Sodium Dithionite (test), 144 Sodium ethyl hydroxybenzoate, 603 Sodium fluoroacetate, 627... 

Synonyms E215 ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt sodium ethyl hydroxybenzoate. 

Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic Sodium aluminium silicate Sodium benzoate Sodium calcium polyphosphate Sodium carbonate Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Sodium ferrocyanide Sodium gluconate... 

Preservative 215 Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 10 35th Series 2001... 

E215 Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate E216 Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate E217 Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate E218 Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate E219 Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate2... 

Sodium ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate. See Sodium ethylparaben Sodium ethylmercuric thiosalicylate Sodium-o-(ethylmercurithio) benzoate Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate Sodium ethylmercury thiosalicylate. See Thimerosal Sodium ethylparaben... 

Synonyms Ethylparaben, sodium salt 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl ester, sodium salt Sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide Sodium ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium ethyl p-hyd roxy benzoate... 

E215 Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate E251 Sodium nitrate... 

The mixture was heated under reflux and a solution of 0.2 g of ethyl iodide in 5 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran was allowed to flow into the reaction medium. When the reaction started, a solution of 6.2 g of 7heated under reflux until the complete disappearance of the magnesium turnings. The reaction medium was then cooled in an ice bath, after which there was added thereto a solution in 45 ml of tetrahydrofuran of 7 g of 6-oxo-benzo[b] -benzofurano[2,3-e] oxepin. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 20 hours at a temperature of 20°C, and was then poured into a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride maintained at a temperature of 5°C. The mixture was extracted with ether and the organic portion was washed and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent, 9.4 g of crude product were obtained, which after recrystallization from isopropanol, provided 6.7 g of pure 6-(3-dimethylam nopropyl)-8-hydroxybenzo[b] benzofurano-[2,3-e] oxepin, melting point 160°C (yield, 71 %). 

C12 to C20, primarily Ci6 to ( is), used as surface lubricants in the manufacture of food-contact articles. The method, which uses ethyl palmitate (Eastman Chemicals No. 1575 Red Label) as an internal standard, has been validated at 200 ppm total FAME [185]. Other FAME standards (methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) are available (Applied Science Laboratories) [116], Worked out examples of additive determinations are given in the Food Additives Analytical Manual [116], which also describes a great many of indirect food additives, such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, l-chloro-2-propanol, DLTDP, fatty acid methyl esters, w-heptyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-gallate, sodium benzoate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sorbitol and phenolic antioxidants. EPA methods 606 and 8060 describe the CGC separation of phthalate esters (direct injection) (cf. Figure 4.2). 

There is a recent trend towards simultaneous CE separations of several classes of food additives. This has so far been applied to soft drinks and preserved fruits, but could also be used for other food products. An MEKC method was published (Lin et al., 2000) for simultaneous separation of intense sweeteners (dulcin, aspartame, saccharin and acesulfame K) and some preservatives (sorbic and benzoic acids, sodium dehydroacetate, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and isopropyl- p-hydroxybenzoates) in preserved fruits. Ion pair extraction and SPE cleanup were used prior to CE analysis. The average recovery of these various additives was 90% with good within-laboratory reproducibility of results. Another procedure was described by Frazier et al. (2000b) for separation of intense sweeteners, preservatives and colours as well as caffeine and caramel in soft drinks. Using the MEKC mode, separation was obtained in 15 min. The aqueous phase was 20 mM carbonate buffer at pH 9.5 and the micellar phase was 62 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate. A diode array detector was used for quantification in the range 190-600 nm, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/1 per analyte were reported. The authors observed that their procedure requires further validation for quantitative analysis. 

Ethyl -hydroxy benzoates.1 The dianions (LDA) of 1,3-diketones react with 1 to give ethyl 5,7-diketo-3-octenoates in 40-55% yield by an addition-elimination process. The products on reaction with dilute sodium ethoxide undergo dehydro-cyclization to afford ethyl p-hydroxybenzoates in 60-80% yield. 

A paired-ion, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sweeteners (dulcin, saccharin-Na, and acesulfame-K), preservatives (sodium dehydroacetate, SA, salicyclic acid, BA, succinic acid, methyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, n-propyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, n-butyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid, and isobutyl-para-hydroxybenzoic acid), and antioxidants (3-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and tertiary-butyl-hydroquinone). A mobile phase of acetonitrile-50 ml aqueous tr-hydroxyisobutyric acid solution (pH 4.5) (2.2 3.4 or 2.4 3.6, v/v) containing 2.5 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and a Clg column with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection at 233 nm were used. This method was found to be very reproducible detection limits ranged from 0.15 to 3.00 p,g. The retention factor (k) of each additive could be affected by the concentrations of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and a-hydroxyisobu-tyric acid and the pH and ratio of mobile phase. The presence of additives in dried roast beef and sugared fruit was determined. The method is suitable for routine analysis of additives in food samples (81). 

Refluxing of l,3-dimethyl-5-formyluracil with acetylacetone in ethanolic sodium ethoxide for 2 hours followed by acidification of the mixture with concentrated hydrochloric acid gives ethyl 3-acetyl-4-hydroxybenzoate in 55% yield, together with 1,3-dimethylurea. 

This group of chemicals, which are found naturally in many fruits, are used as preservatives, a function that they also perform within fruit. Benzoic acid itself may be used, or more commonly sodium benzoate (a salt) or ethyl or methyl para-hydroxybenzoate, also known as parabens. They have sometimes associated with adverse effects. Anaphylaxis-like reactions have been reported as well as urticaria. About 4 per cent of people who suffer from asthma may experience breathlessness and wheezing when exposed to benzoates. Parabens are often used as preservatives cosmetics. 

Phenol acids are phenols in which there is also a carboxylic acid group attached to the benzene ring. They include salicylic acid (ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid) and para-hydroxy-benzoic acid (Figure 25.8). Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and sodium salicylate are derivatives of salicylic acid. Like phenol, they have antipyretic and analgesic properties. The methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) are used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and foodstuffs. 

Ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate in acetonitrile containing sodium perchlorate and perchloric acid after pulse-electrolysis with a platinum-iridium anode at 1.5v gave ethyl 7-tert-butyl-2-methylbenzoxazole-5-carboxylate in 73% yield (ref. 106). 

The intermolecular Michael addition of ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-butenoate and ethyl cinnamate in benzene containing sodium hydride and a little dry ethanol followed by aromatisation of the intermediate by refluxing for 1 hour gave after acidification ethyl 3-cyano-4,6-diphenyl-2-hydroxybenzoate in 52% yield (ref.40). 

Hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl ester, sodium salt. 

The sodium salt of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate reacts with tetrafluoroethylene in tetrahydrofuran and benzene at 180—185 °C to give a low yield (15.5%) of vinyl ether CF2 CF OR (R—p-EtOjC CgHj), together with the saturated... 

Applications. In many countries the methyl, ethyl and n-propyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, as well as their sodium salts, are permitted for preservation of some foods. The maximum permissible quantity is around 0.1%. In the USA methyl- and propyl-paraben are considered GRAS. The maximum permissible quantity is 0.1%. Their main field of use is not food preservation but the preservation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic fat emulsions. The usage of the butyl ester is not allowed in food applications. 

The compound was prepared by a modification of a previously published procedure [20]. To a cool 12 % aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (70 mL, 0.21 mol), commercially available ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (15 g, 0.09 mol) was added at 0 °C. Then aqueous formaldehyde solution (37 %, 60 mL, 2.16 mol) was added. The reaction was stirred at 55 °C for 3 days. The red solution was allowed to reach room temperature and subsequently ethyl acetate (100 mL) added. The organic layer was discarded and to the remaining aqueous phase ethyl acetate (100 mL) and saturated ammonium chloride solution were added. The organic phase was collected and dried over sodium sulfate. Subsequent removal of the solvent in vacuo left an orange solid which was recrystallized from chloroform/ methanol (1 1) to yield a pale yellow powder (11.7 g, 57 %). 

E214 Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate E250 Sodium nitrite... 

In our system, the acid chloride as the acylating agent was not applicable due to the basic conditions of the proposed transformation and the internal free nitrogen of the piperidyl moiety. However, the trioxifene acylation was adapted by preparing the phenyl ester of 5. Therefore, the required phenyl 4-[2-(l-piperidinyl)ethoxy]benzoate (9) was prepared by alkylating methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate with 2-(l-piperidinyl)ethyl chloride (6). Hydrolysis of the methyl ester provided the carboxylic acid that was converted to the acid chloride (8) using SOCI2 in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and toluene. Acid chloride 8 was then reacted with sodium phenolate to provide 9 as a stable crystalline solid in 64% overall yield from the carboxylic acid. 

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