Substrate wetting

Bockris and Parry-Jones were the first to carry out experiments with a pendulum to measure the friction between a wetted substrate and the pivot upon which the pendulum swung. It should be noted that Rebinder and Wenstrom199 used such a device for an objective similar to that of Bockris and Parry-Jones, but they claimed that the characteristics of the pendulum oscillations reflected the hardness of the solid surface. The plastic breakdown determining this would be a function of v and this is a potential-dependent value.100, 01 More extensive determinations were made later by Bockris and Argade200 the theoretical treatment was given by Bockris and Sen.201 In the absence of adjustable parameters in the theory, a good agreement between theory and experimental data was assumed.201 The studies by Bockris and Parry-Jones indicated that the... 

In other incidents, molten aluminum was accidentally spilled and contacted water or wet substrates. The reported damage varied from very minor to quite extensive. In all cases, the initial event was a sharp, local shock. The actual conditions (and quantities of metal and water involved) then seemed to dictate whether the overall incident was severe or mild. 

Padmakar, S., Kargupta, K. and Sharma, A. (1999) Instability andDewetting of Evaporating Thin Water Films on Partially and Completely Wetting Substrates, J. Chemical Physics, issue 110, pp. 1735-1744. 

They wet substrates less rapidly than the latter. 

The main advantage of polyurethane-modified mortar is an improvement in the strength development at low temperatures or under wet conditions, good adhesion to wet substrates, waterproofness, and abrasion resistance. The properties of the polyurethane-modified mortar are shown in Table... 

Adhesion values are also influenced by the method of coating. Aqueous, extruded melt, and solvent coatings all wet substrate surfaces differently. The condition of the substrate (cleanliness, degree of oxidation, etc.) also has a marked influence on the adhesion values attained. ... 

J. Kanca, Resin bonding to wet substrate. I. Bonding to dentin. Quintessence Int. 23 (1992)39-41. 

Uses Wetting agent in aq. coatings, printing inks suitable for difficult-to-wet substrates such as plastics and metal surfaces, cellulose film, aluminum and plastic foils, silicone-treated papers or glass emulsifier for emulsion polymerization food pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper, cellophane defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard emulsifier in mfg. 

Features Exc. for difficult-to-wet substrates requiring good flow and leveling reduces equilibrium and dynamic surf, tensions ideal for low-VOC, low-foam applies. 

Chem. Desaip. Sodium dialkyl sulfosucdnate Uses Surfactant in mfg. of polymer dispersions wetting agent for paints, printing inks, aq. adhesives, clear coatings, polymerization Features Particularly suitable for difficult-to-wet substrates low VOC Regulatory BGA approved Properties Liq. 50% act. 

CAS 3006-15-3 EINECS/ELINCS 221-109-1 Uses Wetting agent, emulsifier tor waterborne industrial coalings (PVAc, acrylics), printing inks, aq. adhesives, polymerization, cleaners, wallpaper removers adhesion promoter tor ditlicult-to-wet substrates, e.g., water-lhinnable overprint varnishes tor otiset printing Properties Gardner 2 color dens. 9.5 Ib/gal vise. 800 cps VOC 4.2% (EPA Method 24) anionic 80% act., 80% solids, 15.8% water Use Level 0.1-1.0% on total wt. 

Uses Adhesion promoter for difficult-to-wet substrate, e.g. water thinnable overprint varnishes for offset printing, for emulsion printing inks, aq. adhesives, high gioss emuision paints, aq. industrial coatings, aq. clear coatings, poiymerization, cieaners, and wallpaper removers Properties Liq. 

Snowtex 50 Snowtex C Snowtex N Snowtex 0 Snowtex OL Snowtex UP Snowtex ZL SR 9008 SR 9011 SR 9012 Syn Fac 8017 Syn Fac 8018 Syn Fac 8024 Syn Fac 8025 Syn Fac 8029 Syn Fac 8120 TC Terpene resin Ultrathene LIE 646-67 Uniplex 600 Urea-formaldehyde resin N-[2-(/lnylbenzylamlno)-ethyl)-3-amlnopropyltrlmethoxysllane adhesion promoter, coll coatings 2220 EFKA -3777 MIchem Prime 4983 Michem Prime 4983R adhesion promoter, cold blend varnishes CK-2400 CK-2500 adhesion promoter, difficult-to-wet substrate Hydropalat 875... 

Filter paper samples It is well known that the control level of pesticide residue does not lie at the percent level but at the 10- level, even 10- level. It is hard to obtain a satisfactory result by the use of NIR spectroscopy to determine the concentration of pesticide solution. The reason being that water has several strong absorption peaks in near-infrared bands as a result it is difficult to get the information of pesticide compared to water in the solution In order to obtain the absorption of trace chemicals, a special method to concentrate the amoimt of chemicals on samples was developed. Filter paper was used as substrate, water was removed from wet substrate by drying, and then the MR measurement was performed on the dried substrate. 

Table 14.174 Surfadone LP Products Effectively Wet Difficult-to-Wet Substrates (49)...

Figure 11. The upper drawing shows the misleading effect of roughness on the equilibrium contact angle for a water-wet substrate. The lower drawing shows the same effect for an oil-wet substrate.

A series of patents issued to Asahi Chemical Industry Co., deal with the modification of hexamethylenediamine by reaction with (meth)acrylic-, glycidyl ether-, hydroxyl-, amino-, amido-, or carboxy-substituted vinyl compounds, isocyanate, and amino acid compounds (Table IV). These modified amine curing agents are active at low temperatures and, in some cases, on wet substrates. Amine-substituted resole phenolics have also been described as useful epoxy curing agents." " Preparation of these curing agents is via condensation of the phenol, formaldehyde, and polyamine (Eq. 8). 

In biology, dewetting controls the dynamics of adhesion on wet substrates (mushroom spores, living cells). 

A very rough hydrophilic surface is somewhat similar to a thin porous medium. We can imagine that some liquid escapes from the drop and penetrates into the nooks and crannies of the solid. The volume of film captured in the recesses is generally negligible, and in the end the drop finds itself essentially on a wet substrate viewed as a patchwork of solid and liquid. 

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