Simultaneous Special Treatment

Fact With regards to the Electrical supply and installation of the concentration camp and prisoner of war camp the documentary note ( Aktenvermerk ) of the Auschwitz Zentralbauleitung of January 29, 1943, states 229 

225 Pre-heating J.-C. Pressac, op. cit. (note 67), pp. 221, 223. Demolition of the water pipes ibid., p. 286 for further details in this discussion, which is just as fruitless, since they are based on the criminal traces dreamed up by Pressac, see also, generally, H. Verbeke, op. cit. (note 43). 

226 See also the above footnotes referring to Pressac, in particular, relating to the water pipes a similar opinion expressed by Van Pelt, Pelt Report, op. cit. (note 66), p. 296, as well as by Judge Gray in the Irving vs. Lipstadt trial, op. cit. (note 66), 7.68. 

Incorrect conclusion Since the special treatment mentioned apparently required electricity and because the homicidal gas chamber possessed an electrical ventilation, R.J. van Pelt concludes that Son-derbehandlung referred to homicidal gassings, which was made possible by operating the ventilation despite a reduced power supply.230 

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This putting into operation [of crematorium II] can however only extend to restricted use of the available machines (in which case cremation with simultaneous special treatment [original Sonderbehandlung ] will be made possible) since the [electrical] supply leading to the crema-... 

Conventional HRTEM operates at ambient temperature in high vacuum and directly images the local structure of a catalyst at the atomic level, in real space. In HRTEM, as-prepared catalyst powders can be used without additional sample preparation. The method does not normally require special treatment of thin catalyst samples. In HRTEM, very thin samples can be treated as WPOs, whereby the image intensity can be correlated with the projected electrostatic potential of the crystal, leading to the atomic structural information characterizing the sample. Furthermore, the detection of electron-stimulated XRE in the EM permits simultaneous determination of the chemical composition of the catalyst. Both the surface and sub-surface regions of catalysts can be investigated. 

However, as quantum chemical methods treat all contributions of the re-body interaction simultaneously, a periodic treatment cannot be invoked when localized basis sets are utilized and a special treatment has to be employed to maintain periodicity (27,34). Ignoring the incompatibility of the periodic environment and the re-body treatment of quantum chemical methods would lead to severe artifacts, which should be avoided at all costs. 

Recently, Oh et al. have developed an SPR immunosensor capable of simultaneous detection of Legionella pneumophila. Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli 0157 H7 [50,51]. Monoclonal antibodies against these bacteria were immobilized in individual sensing channels of the sensor chip of a Multiscope SPR sensor (Optrel, Germany) via protein G. For bacteria in buffer, the detection limit of 10 cfu mL and good specificity were achieved. No special treatment of bacteria was performed. 

Using this formulation, a process was then developed to produce lightweight wallboard. The surfaces of the foamed board were compressed or densified to produce relatively high smoothness. Paper sheets normally used to cover wallboard were applied to both sides simultaneously with the compression action. The excellent adhesive character of the sulfur produced tight bonding, and no special treatment of the paper was required. 

For dilute spin glasses, the field distribution is Lorentzian, but the dynamics are not of strong-collision form, because observations show that as temperature (and with it, fluctuation rate) rises, there is motional narrowing of the ZF relaxation. A special treatment of dynamics, developed by Uemura and collaborators, is used, as discussed in sect. 8.1. In this case, neither of eqs. (37) or (38) apply. Keren (1994b) has developed expressions for the non-exponential relaxation that occurs in simultaneous LF and rapid fluctuations for such dilute spin glasses. 

Reversed-phase HPLC systems are often used for the simultaneous assay of thiamine and other water-soluble vitamins in multivitamin preparations. No special treatment of the sample is required before chromatography and UV detection at 270 nm or 254 nm is usually employed. 

Humidification. For wiater operation, or for special process requirements, humidification maybe required (see Simultaneous HEAT and mass transfer). Humidification can be effected by an air washer which employs direct water sprays (see Evaporation). Regulation is maintained by cycling the water sprays or by temperature control of the air or water. Where a large humidification capacity is required, an ejector which direcdy mixes air and water in a no22le may be employed. Steam may be used to power the no22le. Live low pressure steam can also be released directly into the air stream. Capillary-type humidifiers employ wetted porous media to provide extended air and water contact. Pan-type humidifiers are employed where the required capacity is small. A water filled pan is located on one side of the air duct. The water is heated electrically or by steam. The use of steam, however, necessitates additional boiler feed water treatment and may add odors to the air stream. Direct use of steam for humidification also requires careful attention to indoor air quahty. 

At the moment there exist no quantum chemical method which simultaneously satisfies all demands of chemists. Some special demands with respect to treatment of macromolecular systems are, the inclusion of as many as possible electrons of various atoms, the fast optimization of geometry of large molecules, and the high reliability of all data obtained. To overcome the point 4 of the disadvantages, it is necessary to include the interaction of the molecule with its surroundings by means of statistical thermodynamical calculations and to consider solvent influence. 

We have considered thermodynamic equilibrium in homogeneous systems. When two or more phases exist, it is necessary that the requirements for reaction equilibria (i.e., Equations (7.46)) be satisfied simultaneously with the requirements for phase equilibria (i.e., that the component fugacities be equal in each phase). We leave the treatment of chemical equilibria in multiphase systems to the specialized literature, but note that the method of false transients normally works quite well for multiphase systems. The simulation includes reaction—typically confined to one phase—and mass transfer between the phases. The governing equations are given in Chapter 11. 

The second step is the preparation of mechanically strong, conveniently manipulated electrodes from the powder. To this end the powders are pressed or rolled or applied as a paste to a conducting substrate. Special binders as well as a simultaneous or subsequent thermal treatment can be used to enhance the strength. Conductive hllers can be added to the electrode to provide enhanced conductivity. 

It was found that the simultaneous dehydration and saponification of the hydroxy ester 267 used for synthesis of the /1-carotene precursor, ketone Cis (270), was accompanied by a very facile allylic rearrangement which gave rise to the C15 acid (268) having, however, a different arrangement of double bonds than that in /J-ionone146,148. It was shown that treatment of acid 268 with the specially purified phosphorus trichloride results... 

Coumarins are pharmacologically active and have been used in the treatment of a diverse range of diseases. The great diversity of coumarin structures and their wide range of polarities present special problems for their simultaneous analysis. The separation of seven closely related coumarins by CZE was studied. Optimized conditions tallied with a 200 mM boric acid—50 mM tetraborate buffer pH 8.5 and were applied to the determination of coumarins in extracts from roots and aerial parts from the plant Chrysanthemum segetum. Baseline separation of six coumarins was achieved in 10 min. 

Because of the special structural requirements of the resin-bound substrate, this type of cleavage reaction lacks general applicability. Some of the few examples that have been reported are listed in Table 3.19. Lactones have also been obtained by acid-catalyzed lactonization of resin-bound 4-hydroxy or 3-oxiranyl carboxylic acids [399]. Treatment of polystyrene-bound cyclic acetals with Jones reagent also leads to the release of lactones into solution (Entry 5, Table 3.19). Resin-bound benzylic aryl or alkyl carbonates have been converted into esters by treatment with acyl halides and Lewis acids (Entry 6, Table 3.19). Similarly, alcohols bound to insoluble supports as benzyl ethers can be cleaved from the support and simultaneously converted into esters by treatment with acyl halides [400]. Esters have also been prepared by treatment of carboxylic acids with an excess of polystyrene-bound triazenes here, diazo-nium salts are released into solution, which serve to O-alkylate the acid (Entry 7, Table 3.19). This strategy can also be used to prepare sulfonates [401]. 

Consequently, acoustic cavitation can also be expected in molten polymers under certain conditions at a relatively low intensity of acoustic treatment. High-viscous polymer systems characterized by elasticity or, in other words, demonstrating the properties both of liquids and elastic bodies simultaneously are a matter of special interest for a study of the behavior of materials in an acoustic field. 

A catalyst-free supercritical methanol method for biodiesel fuel production was proposed with the optimum conditions of 350°C, 20 MPa, a molar ratio of 42 in methanol, and a 4-min treatment period (12-13). This method has been proved to produce a high yield, because of simultaneous reactions of transesterification of triglycerides and methyl esterification of free fatty acids (10). The only shortcoming of this one-step method is that it requires a severe reaction condition compared with the conventional commercial method with acid or alkaline catalyst. Consequently, our method would require a special alloy to cover the high temperature and high pressure of the reaction system. 

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