Heat simultaneous

In fire-tube furnaces developed in the nineteenth century, such as typified by the Scotch-Marine boiler (Fig. 1), thin currents of water contact a multiplicity of tubes thus, the hot gases transmit heat simultaneously to aH regions of the bulk of the water. Therefore, this boHet—furnace combination steams readily and responds promptly to load changes, and is, for a given amount of heating surface, the least expensive of aH furnace—boHet instaHations... 

During the press operation, which is actually a form of compression mol ding, the resin-treated laminate pHes are heated under pressure and the resins cured. The initial heating phases cause the resin to melt and flow into voids in the reinforcing ply and bond the individual pHes together. The appHed heat simultaneously causes the resin to polymerize and eventually to cross-link or gel. Therefore, resin viscosity reaches a minimum during the press cycle. This is the point at which the curing process becomes dominant over the melt flow process. Dynamic mechanical and dielectric analyses (11) are excellent tools for study of this behavior. 

E Is heat simultaneously applied to the part to be deformed during processing (5) ... 

The intramolecular nature of the rearrangement was firmly established by a crossover experiment in which 39 and 40 were heated simultaneously and found to yield the same products as when they were heated separately. There was no evidence for the formation of... 

Scheme 2.5 Application of the microwave heating-simultaneous cooling approach.

With conductive heating, several factors militate against efficient distillation. Transferal of heat to the liquid usually occurs from the inner surfaces of the vessel. Vaporization from the surface and convection preclude a uniform temperature within the liquid. To achieve distillation under those circumstances, the pot temperature must be considerably higher than that of the distillate. With microwaves, energy is absorbed more uniformly, a larger volume of the sample in the pot is heated simultaneously, convection is reduced and distillation is more rapid. 

Heating the Tube.—Place the iron case with its tube in a bomb or tube furnace in such a way that the end with the capillary is raised somewhat and directed towards the wall on which a shield is fixed and close the furnace. Several tubes may be heated simultaneously. Light all the burners and heat gradually to the desired temperature, regulating the gas supply at the main tap. For aliphatic halogen compounds (and many sulphur compounds) this temperature is about 250°, for the aromatic compounds (and sul-phonic acids) it is about 300°. Most substances are completely oxidised after three to four hours, but in the case of aromatic compounds the heating is continued for some hours longer. 

As regards thermal properties, the techniques of interest are differential thermal analysis (DTA) and its variant differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In these techniques heat losses to the surrounding medium are allowed but assumed to be dependent on temperature only. The heat input and temperature rise for the material under test are compared with those for a standard material. In DTA, the two test pieces are heated simultaneously under the same conditions and the difference in temperature between the two is monitored, whereas in DSC the difference in heat input to maintain both test pieces at the same temperature is recorded. 

In an extension of this work, the authors devised a more convenient one-pot procedure where all reaction components were heated simultaneously using microwave irradiation (Scheme 6.7). This protocol allowed the generation of a small set often compounds in poor to excellent isolated yield following preparative HPLC. This method certainly constitutes a very significant result, especially considering its applicability to high throughput combinatorial synthesis. 

Photothermography A process utilizing both light and heat, simultaneously or sequentially, for image recording. 

A substance of this kind has the property to heat oxidativeiy and the property to self-heat simultaneously. Accordingly, the noun clause of a gas-permeable oxidatively-heating substance which is almost dry but includes some self-heating component such as hydroperoxide is abridged, in the present subsection, to a simplified noun phrase of a gas-permeable self-heating and simultaneously slightly oxidatively-heating substance. 

Figure 36-3 is a schematic of a microwave oven designed to heat simultaneously 12 of the moderate-pressure vessels described in Section 36C-1. The vessels are held on a turntable that rotates continuously through 360 degrees so that the average energy received by each of the vessels is approximately the same. 

Thermal processing of food by conduction heating Simultaneous minimization of surface cook values (i.e. maximization of final product quality) and minimization of processing time. GA An artificial neural network model was developed based on simulated data from the first principles model, and then used in optimization. Chen and Ramaswamy (2002)... 

Compression molding is an older method of polymer processing that is still currently used for parts such as polyester thermoset engine covers or polyamide transmission seals. The resin will be placed in half of the mold (generally the female half shown in Figure 5.4). The male half of the press will compress the resin to a pressure of about 15 MPa. The resin will be heated simultaneously in both halves of the mold, which will cause it to begin to cross-link. 

For a while no further notice was taken, but in 1803 Klaproth examined it and concluded a new earth was present which he called terre ochroite, because it turned dark yellow when heated. Simultaneously and independently Berzelius and Hisinger studied the mineral and discovered the same new earth to which they gave the name ceria in recognition of the minor planet Ceres, then newly discovered (in 1801) by Piazzi and named after the Sicilian goddess Ceres Ferdinandea, who is to be identified with Ceres, the Roman... 

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been widely used to study the thermally induced transformations in amorphous alloys. In this method the sample in a sample holder (S) is heated simultaneously with a blank sample holder (B) while the heat needed to keep the temperature of S and B the same is recorded continuously. For alloys based on rare earths it is required to perform the DSC measurement in an inert atmosphere. Examples of DSC measurements are shown for GdgjCoj in fig. 12. 

Determination of Cp by differentiating an experimental curve introduces an uncertainty greater than the uncertainty of the measurements themselves. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measures Cp directly. In this method, a sample and a reference material are slowly heated simultaneously with separate heating elements (Figure 5.9). Care is taken to keep the temperature of each sample exactly the same, but because the samples are of different materials, the power delivered to each heater is different, and the difference is a direct function of the difference in the heat capacity of the two materials. Knowing the Cp of the reference material, the Cp of the sample may be determined. See Hohne et al. (1996) for an overview of the many different variations of differential scanning calorimetry. 

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