Simulated Field Tests

A. L. Almerini and S. J. Bartosh, "Simulated Field Tests on Zinc—Air Batteries," Proceedings of the 26th Power Sources Symposium, Adantic City, N.J.,... 

Additional quantities of the more promising formulations were prepared for simulated field tests and for comparison with granular formula-... 

Use material with monitoring Through Phase V field tests omit BCF Initial and main phase Simulated field testing Through Tier III based on volume and use... 

The procedures used for estimating the service life of solid rocket and gun propulsion systems include physical and chemical tests after storage at elevated temperatures under simulated field conditions, modeling and simulation of propellant strains and bond tine characteristics, measurements of stabilizer content, periodic surveillance tests of systems received after storage in the field, and extrapolation of the service life from the detailed data obtained (21—33). 

To determine in the laboratory if a component survives in use, a test bogey is frequentiy estabUshed based on past experience. The test bogey is with the particular test used to dupUcate (or simulate) field conditions. The bogey can be stated in cycles, hours, revolutions, stress reversals, etc. of components are placed on test and each component either survives or faUs. The reUabiUty for this situation is estimated. 

For adequate protection of the machine it is essential to know the amplitude, F, and the rise time, /, of the severest voltage surge (FOW) that may occur on the system. It is recommended that the actual field tests be conducted for large installations according to the recommended simulation test circuits, noted above, to ascertain these surges. 

The most difficult part of a field test is the flow meter, if it wasn t planned in the construction phase. There is no way to simulate a meter run if you don t have the proper pipe length. Figure 10-8 is an example of the requirements. An ASME long radius flow nozzle is preferred by the author, though a short throat venturi will do. The probability is that an orifice is all that will be available. It should be examined before and after the test to verify not only the bore diameter, but the finish. The bore should... 

The application of sacrificial anodes for the protection of structures requires the development of suitable anode materials for the exposure environment. Screening tests enable the rapid selection of materials which show potential as candidates for the given application. These tests may typically use a single parameter (e.g. operating potential at a defined constant current density) as a pass/fail criterion and are normally of short duration (usually hours) with test specimen weights of the order of hundreds of grams. The tests are not intended to simulate field conditions precisely. 

There are several other applications where significant gains could be made through the use of supercomputer simulations of detailed physical models. Reservoir simulations was one of the first areas where the value of supercomputing was recognized by Industrial companies. It Is only possible to measure a few properties of Interest to enhanced oil recovery. Furthermore, field tests are extremely expensive, and the monetary... 

The clay liner at Keele Valley was built very carefully with strict adherence to CQA. The laboratory and field values are the same because the liner is essentially free of defects. Lab and field values differ when the soil liner in the field contains defects that cannot be simulated accurately on small specimens. If the soil is homogeneous, lab and field tests should compare very well. 

When we tune the feedforward controller, we may take, as a first approximation, xFLD as the sum of the time constants xm and x v. Analogous to the "real" derivative control function, we can choose the lag time constant to be a tenth smaller, xFLG = 0.1 xFLD. If the dynamics of the measurement device is extremely fast, Gm = KmL, and if we have cascade control, the time constant x v is also small, and we may not need the lead-lag element in the feedforward controller. Just the use of the steady state compensator Kpp may suffice. In any event, the feedforward controller must be tuned with computer simulations, and subsequently, field tests. 

Anyhow, the result of any flow simulation should be grid independent, i.e., the flow field should not be different if a finer grid is used for the simulation. This test is to be carried out always and everywhere, and may really be described as a conditio sine qua non. 

The In-sltu coal gasification simulator appears to behave much like an underground coal seam undergoing gasification, and yields typical gas at rates and efficiencies very similar to those observed In field tests. At times. It even posed similar control problems, such as locating the combustion face, gas leakage and self re-lgnltlon. 

In fact, there is a recognition that a range of different test data may be required to support label claims. An applicant for authorisation of a biocidal product can confirm their efficacy claim with the provision of data from simple laboratory studies, laboratory simulated-use tests, pilot system studies or field studies according to either standard and/or non-standard test methods. 

Sequestration of CO2 in a Depleted Oil Reservoir. This project will investigate down-hole injection of CO2 into depleted oil reservoirs in New Mexico. It will conduct a comprehensive suite of computer simulations, laboratory tests, field measurements, and monitoring efforts to understand the geomechanical, geochemical, and hydrogeologic processes involved. It will also use the observations to calibrate, modify, and validate the modelling and simulation tools. 

IGT has developed a treatability protocol for the MGP-REM technology to determine cleanup rates and the preferred mode of treatment (landfarming, soil slurry, or in situ). The protocol consists of three phases Phase I is a feasibility test comparing a variety of techniques and is completed within 2 to 3 months phase II is a bench-scale optimization under simulated field conditions and phase III is the field-scale evaluation. 

Although the uniaxial test has traditionally received the most attention, such tests alone may be insufficient to characterize adequately the mechanical capability of solid propellants. This is especially true for ultimate property determinations where a change in load application from one axis to several at once may strongly affect the relative ranking of propellants according to their breaking strains. Since the conditions usually encountered in solid rocket motors lead to the development of multiaxial stress fields, tests which attempt to simulate these stress fields may be expected to represent more closely the true capability of the material. 

Field leaching tests, where wastes are stored in big tanks, are also performed. Field leachates are collected on a regular basis, chemically monitored and tested with (at least) the same bioassays as those used in the simulation leaching tests, so as to compare the results with the upper procedure. 

The scientific basis for using simulation tests must ultimately depend on their degree of accuracy in predicting results of full-scale field tests. Simultaneous undertaking of laboratory simulation tests and field tests are therefore of interest for validation purposes, as ecological factors can clearly influence field situations. 

Briefly recalled, the WASTOXHAS approach consists in characterizing the ecotoxicological hazard potential of contaminant fluxes from waste leachate obtained under defined conditions with two different dynamic leaching procedures laboratory simulated leaching tests and field leaching tests. The approach developed below considered a specific scenario that simulates a waste deposit receiving rain or run-off water (Perrodin et al., 2002). 

In many instances, the materials or plant substances that prove to be allelopathic in laboratory or pot culture experiments may not elucidate similar magnitude of allelopathic response on aquatic weeds in aquatic environments, watersheds, or wetlands. Hence, it is imperative to confirm plant products for their allelopathic potential on weeds in their own natural habitat. A search was made on allelopathic plant products for use in water hyacinth control programs at Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University. Ten of 55 different plant products that showed allelopathic suppression of water hyacinth within 48 h of treatment were selected and tested for their efficacy in natural habitats. The field testing was done in a two tier model. First, the ten plant products were tested in microponds (simulated natural habitat). Second, the plant products that confirmed to be allelopathic in microponds were further evaluated in natural watersheds. 

OECD] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2006b. Guidance document on simulated freshwater lentic field tests (outdoor microcosms and mesocosms). Paris (France) Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Series on testing and assessment, no. 53, ENV/IM/ MONO(2006)17. 37 p. 

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