Sediments ocean

Fig. 4-15 Orders of magnitude of the average vertical molecular or turbulent diffusivity (whichever is largest) through the atmosphere, oceans, and uppermost layer of ocean sediments.

Carbon is released from the lithosphere by erosion and resides in the oceans ca. 10 years before being deposited again in some form of oceanic sediment. It remains in the lithosphere on the average 10 years before again being released by erosion (Broecker, 1973). The amount of carbon in the ocean-atmosphere-biosphere system is maintained in a steady state by geologic processes the role of biological processes is, however, of profound importance... 

Deduced to balance budget for "ocean sediments" reservoir. 

Ocean sediments" Gypsum (CaS04) Pyrite (FeS2) 3 X 10 ... 

The average residence times for mercury in the atmosphere, terrestrial soils, oceans, and oceanic sediments are approximately 1 yr, 1000 yr, 3200 yr, and 2.5 x 10 yr, respectively. (See Bergan et al. (1999) for more details on atmospheric residence times.)... 

Transport in solution or aqueous suspension is the major mechanism for metal movement from the land to the oceans and ultimately to burial in ocean sediments. In solution, the hydrated metal ion and inorganic and organic complexes can all account for major portions of the total metal load. Relatively pure metal ores exist in many places, and metals from these ores may enter an aquatic system as a result of weathering. For most metals a more common sequence is for a small amount of the ore to dissolve, for the metal ions to adsorb onto other particulate matter suspended in flowing water, and for the metal to be carried as part of the particulate load of a stream in this fashion. The very insoluble oxides of Fe, Si, and A1 (including clays), and particulate organic matter, are the most important solid adsorbents on which metals are "carried."... 

Mincer TJ, PR Jensen, CA Kauffman, W Fenical (2002) Widespread and persistent populations of a new marine actinomycete taxon in ocean sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 5005-5011. 

James WD, Boothe PN, Presley BJ (1998) Compton suppression garmna-spectroscopy in the analysis of radium and lead isotopes in ocean sediments. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 236 261-265 Jarvis KE, Gray AL, Houk RS (1992) Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Blackie, Glasgow... 

Broecker WS, Kaufman A, Trier RM (1973) The residence time of Thorium in surface sea-water and its implications regarding the fate of reactive pollutants. Earth Planet Sci Lett 20 35-44 Buesseler KO (1991) Do upper-ocean sediment traps provide an accurate record of particle flux Nature 353 420-423... 

Barnes CE, Cochran JK (1990) Uranium removal in oceanic sediments and the oceanic U balance. Earth Planet Sci Lett 97 94-101... 

Anderson RF (1987) Redox behavior of uranium in an anoxic marine basin. Uranium 3 145-164 Anderson RF, Fleisher MQ, LeHuray AP (1989) Concentration, oxidation state, and particulate flux of uranium in the Black Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53 2215-2224 Back W, Hanshaw BB, Pyler TE, Plummer LN, Weiede AE (1979) Geochemical significance of groundwater discharge in Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Water Res 15 1521-1535 Barnes CE, Cochran JK (1990) Uranium removal in oceanic sediments and the oceanic U balance. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett 97 94-101... 

To fund Patterson s project, Harrison Brown convinced the American Petroleum Institute that information about ocean sediments would help locate oil. Harrison got money from them every year, huge amounts, to fund the operation of my laboratory, which had nothing whatsoever to do with oil in any way, shape, or form, Patterson recalled. To me it was just a falsehood. .. a fib. But Brown continued to get Patterson the money he needed for several years. 

Patterson thought he could identify the culprit If the high concentrations of lead observed in a few surface waters of the Pacific were representative of the sea surface of the entire northern hemisphere, the bulk of this lead could be readily be accounted for as originating from leaded gasolines. The hypothesis was unproven, but Patterson immediately understood its social implications. Automobile exhaust emitted lead as soluble lead-halide particles, which humans and other mammals easily absorb. When Patterson reported his ocean sediment research in an encyclopedic, 45-page article in 1962, he handed a copy to a colleague saying, Read it. It s important. ... 

Thomas M. Church. From Meteorites to Man The Patterson Geochemical Heritage. Unpublished manuscript. Source for the impact of Patterson s Ph.D. thesis on geologists few understood age of Earth work ocean sediments MIT sabbatical, Hardy and biology Goldberg s tip Schaule device and lead-free rats. 

Oral History Project, March 1995. Archives of the California Institute of Technology. Source for most of Patterson s informal comments, e.g., Iowa, Grinnell, blip, zircon, duck soup, building Caltech clean lab dozen years literally funding ocean sediments lead in oceans high and wham. 

Wang Y, Gu J-D (2006) Degradation of dimethyl isophthalate by Viarovorax paradoxus T4 isolated from deep-ocean sediment of South China Sea. J Human Ecol Risk Assess 12 236-247... 

An alternative method for the determination of particulate organic carbon in marine sediments is based on oxidation with potassium persulfate followed by measurement of carbon dioxide by a Carlo Erba non-dispersive infrared analyser [152,153]. This procedure has been applied to estuarine and high-carbonate oceanic sediments, and results compared with those obtained by a high-temperature combustion method. 

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