Sida cordifolia

Various species of Ephedra grow in different parts of the world. It is believed that the Chinese species contain the official levorotatory ephedrine, whereas the same species and other varieties from Europe yield only dextrorotatory pseudoephedrine. East Indian species range from rich to none. Ephedrine exists in the seed of another, totally unrelated Indian plant, Sida cordifolia, which was also used in folk medicine. Ma huang also contains another alkaloid, ephedine, which lowers blood pressure and has other complex actions. 

Ephedra tnfurca Ephedra tweediana Ephedra viridis Ephedra vulgaris Sida cordifolia Roemeria refracta... 

Sida cordifolia (Malvaceae) [root], Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae)... 

Increasing energy Natural TRIM Sida cordifolia Headache... 

Herbal substitutes for dru [s of abuse A variety of herbal mixtures are offered for sale in magazines, on the internet and in so-called smart , eco or head shops. Many are marketed as herbal Ecstasy and the plants included in the formulations include Yohimbe bark, Kava-Kava (Piper methysticum),Y-3 e.emi, Hops, Jaborandi and Alisma. One product contains Kava-Kava, Guarana, Uva Ursi and Cascara bark. Many of the products sold as herbal Ecstasy contain either Ephedra sinica (Ma huang) or the Indian plant Sida cordifolia which both contain the alkaloid ephedrine (see R03c, Chapter VI). Other alkaloids may also occur, such as pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine. The side-effects of ephedrine include tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia and arrythmias and a hypotensive crisis may develop if monamine oxidase inhibitors are also taken. Many adverse reactions and more than 20 deaths have been attributed to ephedrine and Ephedra consumption. Research conducted in the US shows that the daily intake of some Ephedra products would give ephedrine levels well above the recommended therapeutic doses. 

The quinazolines, vasicinone (23 R = OH), vasicine (24 R = H, R = OH) and vasicinol (24 R = R = OH) have been obtained from Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae). These are the first alkaloids, apart from j8-phenylethylamine derivatives, to have been isolated from this genus. 

Sida cordifolia L. Malvaceae Ind, Pak roots fever with fits decoction with ginger 34... 

The seasonal distribution of 28 in different parts of Adhatoda vasica (74,75), Sida cordifolia (76), Linaria genistifolia (77), L. vulgaris (77), Peganum har-mala (78,79), and Galega ojficinalis (80,81) has been determined. A high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vasicine and vasicinone has been developed (82). 

Alkaloids of ephedrine-type have been found in plants botanically widely separated from the ephedras. Ephedrine has been isolated in very small quantities from the leaves of the yew, Taxus baccata, L., by Gulland and Virden (155). Ghosh and Dutt (156) identified ephedrine as a constituent of the alkaloid mixture extracted from the Malvaceae, Sida cordifolia L. Other alkaloids, related to ephedrine, are likely to be found in the same plant. Cathine, a base described by Beitter (157) and... 

Franzotti, E.M., C.V. Santos, H.M. Rodrigues, et al. 2000. Antiinflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca). /. Ethnopharmacol. 72(l-2) 273-277. Gunatilaka, A.A.L., S. Sotheeswaran, S. Balasubramaniam, A.I. Chandrasekara, and H.T. Badrasriyani. 1980. Studies on medicinal plants of Sri Lanka 3. Pharmacologically important alkaloids of some Sida species. Planta Med. 39(l) 66-72. 

Maichei, E., M. Pellegrini, R. Pacifici, P. Zuccaro, and S. Pichini. 2006. A rapid and simple procedure for the determination of ephedrine alkaloids in dietary supplements by gas chromatography-mass Sf>ectiometry. /. Pharm. Burned. Anal. 41(5) 1633-1641. Medeiros, I.A., M.R. Santos, N.M. Nascimento, and J.C. Duarte. 2006. Cardiovascular effects of Sida cordifolia leaves extract in rats. Fitoterapia 77(l) 19-27. 

Philip, B.K., and S. Venkataraman. 2001. Evaluation of acute and chronic toxicity profile of Sida cordifolia Linn, in mice with respect to biochemical and hematological parameters. Biomedicine 21(2-3) 65-70. 

Silveira, A.L., M.A.S. Gomes, M.R.V. Santos, et al. 2003. Evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of vasidne, an alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae). Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 13 37-39. 

Ephedrine C,oH,sNO 165.24 40/225 -6.3° (C2H5OH) Ephedra species, Aconitum napellus, Catha edulis, Taxus baccata, Sida cordifolia, Roemeria refracta 299-42-3... 

Pseudoephedrine C.oH.jNO 165.24 117-118 +52° (C2H5OH) Ephedra vulgaris, Roemeria refracta, Sida cordifolia 90-82-4... 

Ephedrine, an alkaloid with an amphetamine-like structure, is currently used in pharmaceuticals, with potentials to affect nerves, muscle, blood pressure, and heart rate. In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned ephedrine alkaloids marketed for reasons other than asthma, colds, allergies, other disease, or traditional Asian use. Ephedrine and its derivatives (stereoisomers and diaste-reomers) are naturally found in varied proportions in different plant species such as Catha edulis [12], Roemeria refracta [48], Taxus baccata [20], Sida cordifolia [7], Pinellia ternata [24], Aconitum napellus [8], and Ephedra species [22, 29, 32, 37]. 

Eranzotti EM, Santos CVE, Rodrigues HMSL, Mourao RHV, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR (2000) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca). J Ethnopharmacol 72 273-277... 

Besides Ephedra species, low amounts of ephedrine can also be found in the leaves of the Malvaceae Sida cordifolia (Linn) (known as country mallow), with less than 2 % of content [2, 3] and in the Chinese herb Pinellia (known as ban xia), with around 0.003 % of ephedrine [4, 27]. Due to the low content of ephedrine, no stimulatory effects were observed in pharmacological tests with Pinellia, showing the opposite effect of sedation [28]. In addition to other species previously mentioned, other monoamine alkaloids can be found in khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) such as norpseudoephedrine and norephedrine [29, 30]. 

Ghosai S, Chauhan KBPS, Mehta R (1974) Alkaloids of Sida cordifolia. Phytochem rep 14 830-832... 

Jain A, Choubev S, Singour PK, Rajak H, Pawar RS (2011) Sida cordifolia (Linn) - an overview. J Appl Pharm Sci 01(02) 23-31... 

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