Shellac solution

8 Paint related material (including paint thinning or reducing compounds), 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3,8 Polish Printing ink, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 Shellac Shellac solution Stain Varnish Varnish drier, liquid Varnish drier, solid 

coatings technology has advanced to the point where these distinctions are no longer meaningful paints can contain resins, varnishes may be pigmented, enamels can contain oils, and lacquers can contain resins  

Many binders (nitrocellulose derivatives, drying oils, and resins) are hazardous and many pigments and additives contribute hazards, but it is the host of flammable solvents and thinners used, like turpentine, naphtha, toluene. 

Related Terms Alcohol, see Alcohols, p.5 Compound, see Terminology, Compound, p.234 

Flammable liquids, n.o.s., see Flammable Liquids and Class 3, p.96 Flammable solid, inorganic, n.o.s., see Flammable Solids and Division 4.1, p.99 Flammable solid, organic, n.o.s., see Flammable Solids and Division 4.1, p.99 Lacquer base or lacquer chips, nitrocellulose. 

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Schellack-ldsung, /. shellac solution, -politur, /. shellac polish, -steife, /. shellac stiffening, -wachs, n. shellac wax. 

Paint including paint, lacquer, enamel, stain, shellac solutions, varnish, polish, liquid filter, and liquid lacquer base 1263... 

Gelder. Yellow Stars —Chlorate of potash, 20 parts nitrate of baryta, 30 parts oxalate of soda, 15 parts sulphur 8 parts shellac 4 parts. If it Is thought advisable to give the stars made from this formula a tailed appearance, add one part of fine charcoal. The composition is to be moistened with the shellac solution. The stars form a beautiful contrast with those of an intense blue. 

A dyestuff named Bleu de Mulhouse was prepared by Gros-Kenaud and Schaeffer by the action of alkaline shellac solution on rosaniline. 

Lacquer lac-ksr n [Portuguese lacre sealing wax, fr. laca lac, fr. Arabic lakk, fr. Persian lak] (1592) (1) A solution of a film-forming natural or synthetic resin in a volatile solvent, with or without color pigment, which when applied to a surface forms an adherent film that hardens solely by evaporation of the solvent. The dried film has the properties of the resin used in making the lacquer. The word derives from the lac insect, which secreted the resinous substance from which shellac solutions were (and stilla are) made. 

One principal use of cyclohexanol has been in the manufacture of esters for use as plasticizers (qv), ie, cyclohexyl and dicyclohexyl phthalates. In the finishes industry, cyclohexanol is used as a solvent for lacquers, shellacs, and varnishes. Its low volatiUty helps to improve secondary flow and to prevent blushing. It also improves the miscibility of cellulose nitrate and resin solutions and helps maintain homogeneity during drying of lacquers. Reaction of cyclohexanol with ammonia produces cyclohexylamine [108-91-8], a corrosion inhibitor. Cyclohexanol is used as a stabilizer and homogenizer for soaps and synthetic detergent emulsions. It is used also by the textile industry as a dye solvent and kier-boiling assistant (see Dye carriers). 

It is advisable to saturate all corks with sodium silicate solution after fitting and boring them (p. 3, Note i). They are then covered with lead foil, wired in, and coated with shellac. 

The seedlac may then be converted to shellac by either a heat process or by solvent processes. In the heat process the resin is heated to a melt which is then forced through a filter cloth which retains woody and insoluble matter. In the solvent process the lac is dissolved in a solvent, usually ethyl alcohol. The solution is filtered through a fine cloth and the solvent recovered by distillation. 

Shellac is soluble in a very wide range of solvents, of which ethyl alcohol is most commonly employed. Aqueous solutions may be prepared by warming shellac in a dilute caustic solution. 

For resistance to acid conditions alone, traditional filled and unfilled bituminous solutions (which have economic advantages), chlorinated rubber and shellac have been used. Crosslinking coatings, e.g. amine-cured epoxy resins, often blended with coal-tar which develops resistance to oils and solvents, have obvious advantages on chemical plant. 

Lac is derived from lac resin, the hardened secretion of the lac insect, the only known resin of animal origin. The lac insect, Kerria lacca, formerly known as Laccifer lacca, is a natural parasite of a variety of trees in large areas of southern Asia. Three different products are derived from lac resin lac dye, lac wax, and shellac. To obtain the lac resin, twigs encrusted with the secretion of the insects are cut down from the trees, then the incrustation is separated from the twigs, washed with water, and filtered. The wax and shellac, which are insoluble in water, remain as a solid residue of the filtration, while the soluble red dye (lac) is obtained as a powder when the water from the filtered solution is evaporated. The coloring matter in lac dye is an organic compound known as laccaic acid. 

Figure 5.12 GALDI mass spectrum of shellac (from methanol solution). Peaks at m/z—570 are related to esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids with sesquiterpenoid carboxylic acids (see text and Table 5.4). Signals marked with crosses are contaminants in the spectrometer that accumulated over time (m/z 413, 469, and 507) peaks marked ( ) are contaminating graphite clusters from the matrix (m/z 264, 276, 288).

India ink is stabilized to prevent sedimentation by adding substances such as shellac in borax solution, soap, gelatine, glue, gum arabic, and dextrin. 

Uses Solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, rosin, shellac, manila resin, dyes fuel for utility plants home heating oil extender preparation of methyl esters, formaldehyde, methacrylates, methylamines, dimethyl terephthalate, polyformaldehydes methyl halides, ethylene glycol in gasoline and diesel oil antifreezes octane booster in gasoline source of hydrocarbon for fuel cells extractant for animal and vegetable oils denaturant for ethanol in formaldehyde solutions to inhibit polymerization softening agent for certain plastics dehydrator for natural gas intermediate in production of methyl terLbutyl ether. 

Shellac, which was used by Edison for molding his first photograph records and is still used as an alcoholic solution (spirit varnish) for coating wood, is a cross-linked polymer consisting largely of derivatives of aleuritic acid (9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid). Shellac is excreted by small coccid insects Coccus lacca), which feed on the twigs of trees in Southeast Asia. Over 2 million insects must be dissolved in ethanol to produce 1 kg of shellac. 

In the author s laboratories the polymerization of aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols by liquid hydrogen fluoride has been repeatedly noted. Acetaldehyde polymerizes and acetone forms polymeric substances on standing for a period of time in solution in hydrogen fluoride. If the solution is separated shortly after mixing, the acetone may be recovered. The same is true of tertiary alcohols. The peculiar action of tertiary chlorides (Simons et al., 35) probably results at least in part from polymerization. The products obtained most likely come from destruction of the polymers in the process of distillation. Benzaldehyde forms a shellac like resin when treated with hydrogen fluoride. A rather interesting polymerization reaction occurs upon treating aralkyl ketones with... 

Shellac (purified lac) dissolves at pH greater than 7 and can be used alone or in combination with other materials. It is soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol, and alkaline solutions. 

Under Behavior Towards Metals and Other Substances. AN very definitely attacks shellac, baked oils and natural rubber compounds if applied as a coating. The only materials that we know of which can be used as coatings for AN and AN solutions are certain polyvinyl chloride coatings and a number of epoxy resins. The Ordnance Department used acid-proof black paint, shellac, baked oil and rubber paints. All were quite unsuccessful over long periods of time... 

SHELLAC. A secretion or excretion of the lac insect, Coccus lacca, found in the forests of Assam and Siam. Freed from wood it is called seed lac." It is soluble in alkaline solutions such as ammonia, sodium borate, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and also in various organic chemicals. When dissolved in acetone or alcohol, shellac yields the familiar shellac varnish of superior gloss and hardness. Orange shellac is bleached with sodium hypochlorite solution to form white shellac. See also Paints and Coatings. 

The components of star composition are mixed intimately and dampened uniformly with some solution which contains a binder, perhaps with gum-arabic water, perhaps with water alone if the composition contains dextrin, perhaps with alcohol if it contains shellac. Several different methods are used for forming the stars. 

Both the poly (vinyl acetate)-poly (vinyl alcohol) and styrene-shellac examples of colloid participation in the polymerization require much investigation especially with respect to whether grafting to the colloid occurs in aqueous solutions or at the particle surface. The former would appear more likely for the relatively water soluble vinyl acetate monomer, while the latter should be favored for the less soluble styrene. In any case, both would result in identical particle stabilization. 

Shellac, Bleached, occurs as an off white to tan, amorphous, granular resin. Shellac is obtained from lac, the resinous secretion of the insect Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca Kerr (Fam. Coc-cidae). Shellac, Bleached, is obtained by dissolving the lac in aqueous sodium carbonate, followed by bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, precipitation of the bleached lac with a dilute sulfuric acid solution, and drying. It is freely (though very slowly) soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water, and slightly soluble in acetone and in ether. Shellac, Bleached, is usually dissolved in a suitable solvent for application to food products. 

Copovidone forms soluble films independently of the pH value, regardless of whether it is processed as a solution in water or in organic solvents. He offers better plasticity and elasticity than other povidones. On the other hand, films are also less tacky. Kollidon VA 64 usually absorbs water, and it is seldom used as the sole filmforming agent in a formulation. Normally it is better to combine it with less hygroscopic substances such as cellulose derivates [54], shellac, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),... 

To Make Lac Solution.—Put half an ounce of flake shellac into a tin pot, and pour upon it H of a pt. or 6 oz. of methylated spirit or preferably, a like quantity of wood naphtha Let it stand for about a day, stirring it occasionally till dissolved. Then half fill a basin with boiling water, set the tin containing the lac in it ana leave it till it boils and curdles. If the water does not remain hot long enough to make it boil, set it in a second basin of boiling water. As soon as it has curdled remove it, and when cold pour it into a vial and cork it. 8p rit must never be boiled over a fire nor near one. as the vapor might inflame. Keep the pot, therefor, while in the hot water, at a distance from a fire or flame of a lamp or candle. 

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