Shampoos sodium lauryl ether sulfate

Neutrogena T-Gel Shampoo Sodium lauryl ether sulfate... 

Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a common secondary surfactant in shampoo formnlations. It improves mildness and viscosity, and enhances the foam properties. It is milder on the skin than linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), so adding it to the mix reduces the amount of the harsher detergents needed. It is thicker than the other ingredients, so it can be added to make the mix have the right viscosity. It also has antistatic and moisturizing properties. In many shampoos, CAPB is used in combination with sodium lauryl ether sulfate (LES) (Table 6.10). 

Shampoo compositions generally comprise one or more anionic cleansing surfactants, which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to hair. Anionic surfactants (negatively charged molecules) provide a lot of lather and detergency in the shampoo. The most commonly used anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), and ammonium lauryl ether sulfate (ALES), and sodium lauryl sulfate is also occasionally used. 

The processing of active substances in shampoos is in principle similar to the one in aqueous suspensions (Sect. 12.6.2). Because of foam formation the mixture should not be stirred firmly. Salicylic acid (up to 3 % m/m, dissolved in a threefold amount of alcohol 95 % v/v) and coal tar alcoholic solution (up to 10 % m/m) may be directly mixed with the base shampoo of Table 12.43. Coal tar (Fix lithanthracis) may be mixed with the shampoo base after trituration with some sodium lauryl ether sulfate solution. 

ATR-FTIR is a useful analytical tool for multicomponent analysis that employs a mathematical data-treatment process. Also, Carolei and Gutz (2005) have used this technique combined with chemometrics, to determine three surfactants and water simultaneously in shampoo and in liquid soap without either sample dilution or pretreatment. The surfactants analysed were an amphoteric one (cocoamidopropyl betaine), two nonionic ones (coco diethanolamide in shampoo and alkylpolyglucoside in liquid soap), (minor components) and an anionic one (sodium lauryl ether sulfate). Overlapping bands and water absorption were resolved by two multivariate quantification methods classical least squares (CLS) and inverse least squares (ILS) (Massart et al., 1997, 1998). The wave numbers chosen for the calculation process were preferably those of maximum absorption of the minor components. This method can be applied during the production process but not in final product analysis because of interference caused by the fragrance added in the last step (Figure 7.1.2). 

Chem. Analysis 1% max. sodium sulfate 0.3% max, sodium chloride Uses Surfactant for liq. detergents, shampoos, bubble baths Features Can be used in place of sodium lauryl ether sulfate Properties Gardner 4 max. limpid liq. sol. in water and ethanol f.p. 0 C acid no. 180 pH (10%aq.)1.6 33% act. 

The most common ingredient in shampoos is also the most common detergent in use in other products a class of surfactants known as straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonates. Examples are ammonium lauryl sulfate, its sodium relative, and the slightly larger but related molecule ammonium lauryl ether sulfate (sometimes abbreviated as ammonium laureth sulfate). 

In combination with alkyl ether sulfates, a synergistic decrease of the irritation level of the ether sulfates and an improvement of the foam stabilization has been described [57,67,78]. A good compromise between mildness and foam properties could be achieved with lauryl ether carboxylic acid sodium salt with 10 mol EO [57,67]. In several articles examples of the use of alkyl ether carboxylates as cosurfactant in mild shampoos as well as bath and shower products have been described [57,69,79]. 

Shampoos. Ether sulfates are extensively used in shampoo formulations in the range of 15 to 25 percent active. The general product of choice is the lauryl-range alcohol with 1 to 3 moles of ethylene oxide. In shampoos, either sodium, ammonium, or triethanolamine salts of the ether sulfate can be used. The choice of these products will be primarily related to the solubility and the finished form of the shampoo. Triethanolamine salts are considerably more soluble and, thus, will be found in a large number... 

PEG oleamine PEG-10 oleamine PEG-80 sorbitan Iaurate PEG-40 sorbitan perisostearate PEG-40 stearate Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids PPG-10-ceteareth-20 PPG-5 lanolin alcohol ether Sodium laureth-5 carboxylate Sodium laureth-13 carboxylate Sodium lauroyl lactylate Sodium myristoyi sarcosinate Sodium nonoxynol-4 sulfate Sulfated castor oil TEA-lauryl sulfate Undecylenamide DEA Yucca glauca extract emulsifier, shampoo bases Disodium Iaureth suifosuccinate Potassium cocoate... 

The superamides are very good thickeners for liquid detergents and shampoos containing sodium lauryl sulfate [7] or ether sulfate [8]. Alkanolamides are very often produced using standardized multipurpose reactor configuration. An example is shown in Figure 13.2 [9]. 

Alkyl Ether Sulfates These surfactants are also found in shampoo applications. They are prepared similarly to alkyl sulfates except that the fatty alcohol is first subjected to ethoxylation ethoxylation may range from 2 to 3 moles per mole of fatty alcohol. Lauryl alcohol is the typical fatty alcohol reacted. Because of high water solubility, alkyl ether sulfates have low cloud points, making them suited for clear shampoo formulations (5). Viscosities based on the ether sulfates can be easily controlled through addition of inorganic salts such as sodium chloride. 

A specific example is sodium lauryl sulfate (32, = 11) obtained by sulfation of lauryl alcohol (33, n = 11) and extensively used in handwashing of fabrics, shampoos and dentrifices. The sulfation of alcohols has been described in detail in Chapter 5. In this reaction, chlorosulfonic acid is often the preferred reagent and the use of chlorosulfonic acid in ether is the standard procedure for sulfation of higher primary and secondary alkanols (see Chapter 5, p 155). However, in the modem large scale manufacture of detergents by sulfation of alcohols, sulfur trioxide is often the reagent of choice. 

Ammonium nonoxynol-4 sulfate Cl2-14 alkyl dimethyl betaine Disodium cocoamphodipropionate Disodium myristamido MEA-sulfosuccinate Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride Laureth-6 carboxylic acid Lauryl betaine Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) peel wax PEG-3 cocamine PEG-10 cocoate PEG oleamine PEG-80 sorbitan laurate PEG-40 sorbitan perisostearate PPG-5 lanolin alcohol ether Sodium cocoamphoacetate Sodium cocoyl isethionate TEA-lauryl sulfate dispersant, shampoo cosmetics Disodium oleamido MIPA-sulfosuccinate dispersant, shampoo personal care Disodium oleamido MIPA-sulfosuccinate dispersant, shellac Triethanolamine dispersant, shoe polishes Diglycol/CHDM/isophthalates/SIP copolymer dispersant, silicon emulsions C12-14 pareth-8 C12-15 pareth-7 C12-15 pareth-8 Cl 3-15 pareth-20 Trideceth-15... 

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