Sodium lauryl sulfate shampoos

Sodium lauryl sulfate is available in solution, paste, and soHd forms. As a solution its activity ranges between 28—30%, and as a paste it is 55% active. With this detergent in a shampoo, inorganic salts can affect viscosity. In addition, the limited solubiHty of sodium lauryl sulfate requires its judicious use in low cloud point clear shampoo systems. 

Sodium chloride (table salt) is used to thicken the mixture if the main surfactants are sodium lauryl sulfates. If the surfactants are ammonium-based, then ammonium chloride is used instead. Salt can make the shampoo harsh, which can sting the eyes, so more expensive thickeners are used to keep the salt levels low. 

The active ingredients in a shampoo play three fundamental roles. Some allow water to wash away the substances that make hair dirty. Others adhere to hair to impart a desirable feel and texture. The rest are emulsifiers that keep the mixture from separating into its components. To accomplish these effects, ingredients combine two types of interactions a strong attraction to water (hydrophilic) and an aversion to water (hydrophobic). It may seem that these properties are incompatible, but shampoos contain molecules that are designed to be simultaneously hydrophilic and hydrophobic. One example is sodium lauryl sulfate, our inset molecule. The ionic head of the molecule is hydrophilic, so it interacts attractively with water. The hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic, so it interacts attractively with grease and dirt. Molecules of the shampoo associate with hydrophobic dirt particles to form hydrophilic clumps that dissolve in water and wash away. 

Alcohol sulfates (AS) are usually manufactured by the reaction of a primary alcohol with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid followed by neutralization with a base. These are high foam surfactants but they are sensitive to water hardness and higher levels of phosphates are required. This latter requirement has harmed the market for this type of detergent, but they are 2% of production for the major household surfactant market. Sodium lauryl sulfate (R = Cn) is a constituent of shampoos to take advantage of its high-foaming properties. 

The prototypical shampoo surfactant is the detergent sodium lauryl sulfate, (see Section 7.4.) A big advantage of detergents is that in hard water they don t form... 

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) This substance makes everything from shampoo to bubble bath to toothpaste foam. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (the industry experts who test the safety of ingredients) reported that it caused enough changes in mouse skin to warrant further study. The Environmental Working Group says avoid SLS whenever possible. 

Sodium dodecylsulfate, aka sodium lauryl sulfate (Tide ) Alkyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (shampoo) Octylphenylethoxylate (Triton X-100 , various industrial applications)... 

Dissolve sodium lauryl sulfate, a surfactant with a detergent s amphiphilic properties, in water. (This compound creates lather in car washes, shampoos, bubble baths, etc.). We use it here because it does not have an odor of its own. Use 750-ml powder in 15 1 of warm water (or prepare a smaller volume). 

A simple shampoo consists of a mixture of water, sodium lauryl sulfate, and an amide to make it foam. I heat the mixture and then I have to adjust the acidity. Most shampoos are neutral. If it s more basic than that, I adjust it with a citric acid solution. Then I cool it and check the viscosity, or how it flows. I don t want it to be either water-thin or molasses-thick, so I ll adjust the viscosity by using a 20 percent sodium chloride solution. Perfume and color are added to make it smell and look good. 

Cedepon LS-30PM. [Rhone-Poulenc Surf.] Sodium lauryl sulfate emulsifier, tergent dispersant for shampoos and detergents. 

Shampoo bodywash Detergents Sodium lauryl sulfate, Cocamidopropyl betaine. Ammonium lauryl sulfate, Cocamide DEA, Cocamide MEIA Skin irritation. Can promote the formation of cancer-causing substances known as nitrosamines in products during storage. Also found in bubble bath and liquid hand soaps. 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines are important raw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids are mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodium lauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and triethanolamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is applicable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts are added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

Hannah et al. [44] have shown that polymer JR deposits on hair in the presence of excess sodium lauryl sulfate. This deposited complex is highly substantive to hair and resists removal from the hair surface by either water or 3% sodium lauryl sulfate solution. Therefore, adsorption complexes of polymeric cations also resist shampooing from hair. 

Figure 5-8. Light micrograph of a split hair stained with red 80 dye after shampooing with sodium lauryl sulfate. Dye does not stain the hair with anionic adsorbed.

Shampoo IV 14% ammonium laureth-2 sulfate, 4% sodium lauryl sulfate, 4% cocamidopropylbetaine, 2% cocamide MEA, colors, preservative, and fragrance. 

Robbins and Reich [3] have described studies relating quantitative combing behavior to the single-hber properties of curvature, friction, stiffness, and diameter for straight, wavy, and kinky hair, aU treated with a shampoo detergent (sodium lauryl sulfate), a long-chain quaternary ammonium compound (stearalkonium chloride), a commercial pomade (from mineral oil and petrolatum), and a hair bleach (peroxide/persulfate system). 

SLS or sodium lauryl sulfate is an emulsifier. An emulsifier is something added to a formulation to prevent ingredients from separating and decomposing. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a common ingredient in toothpaste, shampoos, detergents, and so on. A recent study indicated that it may dry out the mucous membrane of the mouth, causing canker sores in susceptible individuals. 

Chem. Descrip. Sodium lauryl sulfate CAS 151-21-3 EINECS/ELINCS 205-788-1 Uses Surfactant, detergent for use in shampoos, bubble baths, liq. hand dish detergents, and mild industrial cleaners surfactant in emulsion polymerization, esp. for styrene, butadiene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and acrylic ester monomers food pkg. adhesives, paper, cellophane, rubber articles, textiles defoamer in food-contact paper/paper-board emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings Features High foam... 

Modern shampoos are simple surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Shampoo contains other ingredients, however, that react with the meted ions in hard water to help prevent the soap from precipitating with these metal ions (in other words, to help prevent insoluble precipitates — solids, deposits, bathtub ring — from forming in your hair). 

A hair shampoo formulation is usually a combination of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), LES, CAPB, and cocamide MEA. A desirable pH of 5-6 is achievable with the addition of citric add. An optimum viscosity is usually obtainable by incorporating an electrolyte such as sodium chloride. A formulator will typically add preservatives, perfumes, and dyes to complete the formula. To realize all end-use properties and marketing claims, some modifications with other additives are necessary [13]. 

Shampoo compositions generally comprise one or more anionic cleansing surfactants, which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to hair. Anionic surfactants (negatively charged molecules) provide a lot of lather and detergency in the shampoo. The most commonly used anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), and ammonium lauryl ether sulfate (ALES), and sodium lauryl sulfate is also occasionally used. 

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