Shampoos anionics

Under optimum conditions such as in vivo shampooing, anionic surfactants are nearly as effective as chloroform or ether for removing deposited surface lipid. In most of the tests described in the literature, care was taken to exclude conditioning products, containing cationics and cationic polymers or silicones, setting resins, and hard water to provide more control over the experiments. Obviously these variables must be included before we can arrive at a full understanding and a consensus about the efficiency of anionic shampoos for cleaning hair lipid from the surface of hair. 

Anionic Surfactants. In terms of general usage in cosmetic products, the anionics are by far the most widely used and are chiefly found in shampoo systems. They provide the formulator with the basic conditions for preparing these products, ie, foaming, cleansing, and solubiHty. 

Amphoteric Detergents. These surfactants, also known as ampholytics, have both cationic and anionic charged groups ki thek composition. The cationic groups are usually amino or quaternary forms while the anionic sites consist of carboxylates, sulfates, or sulfonates. Amphoterics have compatibihty with anionics, nonionics, and cationics. The pH of the surfactant solution determines the charge exhibited by the amphoteric under alkaline conditions it behaves anionically while ki an acidic condition it has a cationic behavior. Most amphoterics are derivatives of imidazoline or betaine. Sodium lauroamphoacetate [68647-44-9] has been recommended for use ki non-eye stinging shampoos (12). Combkiations of amphoterics with cationics have provided the basis for conditioning shampoos (13). 

HairC are. Quaternary ammonium compounds are the active ingredients in hair conditioners (31—39,239). Quaternaries are highly substantive to human hair because the hair fiber has anionic binding sites at normal pH ranges. The use of quaternaries as hair conditioners can be broken down into creme rinses and shampoo conditioners. 

Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic surfactants that bind well to anionic surfaces like the protein in hair. The ammonium end sticks to the hair, leaving the long fatty end of the molecule to act as a lubricant. They are slightly conductive, so they reduce the buildup of static electricity. Quats, as they are sometimes called, include compounds like stearalkonium chloride, disteardimonium chloride, quaternium-5, or quaternium-18, polyquaternium-10 and they are all similar in form and function to cetrimonium chloride. These compounds are also widely used as fabric softeners, for all of the same reasons they make good hair conditioners. They are also used to thicken the shampoo. 

Alkyl polyglucoside carboxylate (INCI-name Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate (and) Lauryl Glucoside, Plantapon LGC SORB) is a new anionic surfactant with excellent performance for personal care cleansing applications. In shampoo and shower bath formulations the anionic surfactant shows a good foaming behavior. In body wash applications it improves sensorial effects. These properties make Plantapon LGC SORB suitable for several cosmetic applications, e.g., mild facial wash gel, mild baby shampoo, mild body wash for sensitive skin, wet wipes, and special sulfate-free shampoo applications. 

The primary application of these alcohols is the manufacture of anionic or nonionic surfactants for personal cleansing products, most of which end up in your wastewater treatment plants and rivers. Microorganisms don t chew up branch-chain surfactants as well as they do the straight ones. It used to be, for example that the surfactant based on the sodium salt of dodecyl benzene sulfonate, a 12-carbon branch chained anionic surfactant, was found to be slowing, down water treatment processes. Dodecyl alcohol as a raw material for these surfactants has been largely replaced by laurel alcohol, a 12-carbon straight-chain, linear alcohol. If you look at the bottle next time you shampoo your hair and rinse, you ll see sulfonates based on laurel alcohol listed, but none based on dodecyl. 

They have high foam for shampoos and are kind to the skin. They are also used in light duty products such as dishwashing detergents. It is the least sensitive of the anionics to water hardness and therefore has benefited in the trend away from phosphates. They have 25% of the production for the major household surfactant market. 

Amnionic surfactants used in shampoos, cosmetics, toothpaste, and laundry products include linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), alcohol sulfates (AS), alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES), alcohol glycerol ether sulfonates, and alpha-olefin sulfates. Household end use of anionic surfactants in the United States was 7.3 X 105 metric tons in 1987 LAS, AS, and AES accounted for 98% of the total (I). 

Shampoos are commonly formulated in liquid, paste, and gel form and usually consist of high-sudsing anionic surfactant(s) (such as LAS and those previously listed for bars), along with specific ingredients for improved hair health or control (such as antidandruff agents and substantive collagen proicins). 

Synthetic surfactants are commonly used in shampoos, sometimes for reasons of cost and sometimes for performance. Non-ideal mixing in micelles can result when the repulsions between different surfactant head-groups are not uniform, such as when an anionic sulfonate is mixed with a non-ionic ethoxylate or when an anionic is mixed with a betaine. This causes the cmc of the mixture to be smaller than would be the case for ideal mixing, or for either surfactant alone. Such a reduction in cmc can be used to reduce the surfactant monomer concentration in a shampoo. This is an advantage since reducing the monomer concentration reduces the amount of eye and skin irritation experienced when the shampoo is used [904], Other synthetics offer other benefits. For example, some silicone surfactants can not only function as emulsifiers in hair and skin care products, but also act to improve feel, gloss, sheen, emolliency, conditioning and foam stabilization [905]. 

Amphoteric surfactants. These compounds have the characteristics of both anionic detergents and cationic fabric softeners. They tend to work best at neutral pH, and are found in shampoos, skin cleaners, and carpet shampoos. They are very stable in strong acidic conditions and are favorably used with hydrofluoric acid. For example, compounds of alkyl-betain or alkylsulfobetaine type possess both anionic and cationic groups in the same molecule even in aqueous solution. These surfactants are rarely employed in laundry detergents because of their high costs [3, 4]. 

Cosmetics are natural or synthetic toiletry products that are used to maintain hygiene and include externally applied products used to enhance appearance. This class includes dental products, bath supplies (e.g., bubble baths, body washes, and bath beads), powders, lotions, lipsticks, perfumes, colognes, shampoos, depilatories, and hair coloring/waving products. Most of these products contain alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, perborates, and anionic and nonionic surfactants. Use of cosmetics is as old as civilization itself. Centuries ago wealthy women would apply the white lead pigment known as ceruse to their faces to appear fashionably pale - sometimes with lethal consequences. Women also used belladonna alkaloids like atropine to dilate pupils to enhance the attractiveness of the eyes in the late nineteenth century. 

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