Hair cleaning

The purpose of a shampoo is to clean hair. But the shampoo must not clean too well, or all of the protective oils in the hair will... 

Shampoos are liquid detergents designed to clean hair and scalp. They bear some resemblance to hand dishwashing liquids in that they are essentially builder-free surfactant solutions. 

Deane Mixtures of conditioners, cooling agents, humectants, botanicals, and vitamins No harsh chemicals and surfactants Clean hair without removing essential oils leave hair shiner, more body, and more manageable... 

U.S. 6627184 (2003) Coffindaffer et al. (Procter Gamble) C4-C16 polyalphaolefin Improved clean hair feel improved fullness and body... 

The primary function of shampoos is to clean hair. In order to assess the effectiveness of different detergents in cleaning various soils, it is important to understand the different cleaning mechanisms operating during the shampooing process. 

Under optimum conditions such as in vivo shampooing, anionic surfactants are nearly as effective as chloroform or ether for removing deposited surface lipid. In most of the tests described in the literature, care was taken to exclude conditioning products, containing cationics and cationic polymers or silicones, setting resins, and hard water to provide more control over the experiments. Obviously these variables must be included before we can arrive at a full understanding and a consensus about the efficiency of anionic shampoos for cleaning hair lipid from the surface of hair. 

Perceptions in Cleaning Hair and the Subjective Testing of Shampoos 221... 

Certain laboratory tests (tress combing, fiber friction, fight scattering, sebum removing ability, etc.) can be more sensitive than consumer s evaluations (see the section in this chapter entitled Methods to Evaluate Clean Hair ). However, the most severe constraint with laboratory testing is that laboratory measurements are often only a portion of the related consumer assessment. For example, fiber friction is only a small part of how the hair feels to a consumer or how easily her hair combs, and hair combing is only a portion of hair conditioning. 

Shampoos offer a category with wide variability because these products can make hair either easier or more difficult to comb [123, 160]. High-cleaning shampoos remove surface oils, increasing interfiber friction [123], making clean hair more difficult to comb than dirty hair. However, certain... 

Figure 4.38. (a) IR ATR microscopic spectra of clean hair (solid line) and hair-sprayed hair (dashed line), (b) Difference specfrum (solid line) and reference spectrum of poly(vinylacefafe) (dashed line). Spectra were measured with Nic-Plan microscope interfaced to Magna-IR (Nico-let Instrument Corp.) FTIR spectrometer. Sixty-four sample scans at resolution of 8cm were coadded and rationed against 64 background scans. Reprinted, by permission, from P. A. Martoglio, Nicolet Application Note, AN-9694, Nicolet Instrument, Madison, 1997. Copyright Nicolet Instrument Corp. 

Maximum Clothing overalls, daily cleaned, hair cap, mouth-nose mask, special shoes Hands cleaned and disinfected, sterile single use gloves for each session Horizontal LAF cabinet, safety cabinet or overpressure (positive pressure) isolator In accordance with GMP Grade D smooth surfaces, interlocked changing rorans etc. Grade D... 

Figure 26 Scanning electron micrograph of clean hair that has been exposed to a negatively charged silica colloid there is no evidence of any deposition of silica particles. (From Refs. 60,61.)... 

Clean hair has high luster, and deposition of compounds on the hair surface usually reduces luster. This is clearly shown in Figure 37, which compares the effects of washing with various shampoos (83). Shampoo B1 contains Polyquatemium-10, a poly cationic compound known to be substantive to hair. A subsequent rinse with a shampoo containing sodium myristate produces a large decrease in luster, possibly due to complex formation between the polycation and the myristate anion. A rinse with 20% sodium lauryl sulfate, on the other hand, removes the polycation and restores the original luster of the fiber. 

Why are shampoos more effective in cleaning hair than soap would be ... 

India golmataghosa (Bengal) Used for hemorrhages, lung troubles, asthma, and strengthening hair. The hill men use it for curing eczema on the head and cleaning hair (Biswas 1956)... 

Used to clean hair and cure eczema on the skull and back or the ear (Biswas 1947) ... 

Uses Foam booster/stablllzer for solid or powd. detergents for household and industrial cleaning, hair care and bath prods. 

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