Separation acetone+butanol+ethanol

Processes for production of ethanol and acetone-butanol-ethanol mixture from fermentation products in membrane contactor devices were presented in Refs. [88,89]. Recovery of butanol from fermentation was reported in Ref. [90]. Use of composite membrane in a membrane reactor to separate and recover valuable biotechnology products was discussed in Refs. [91,92]. A case study on using membrane contactor modules to extract small molecular weight compounds of interest to pharmaceutical industry was shown in Ref. [93]. Extraction of protein and separation of racemic protein mixtures were discussed in Refs. [94,95]. Extractions of ethanol and lactic acid by membrane solvent extraction are reported in Refs. [96,97]. A membrane-based solvent extraction and stripping process was discussed in Ref. [98] for recovery of Phenylalanine. Extraction of aroma compounds from aqueous feed solutions into sunflower oil was investigated in Ref. [99]. 

Liu F, Liu L, Feng X. 2005. Separation of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from dilute aqueous solutions by pervaporation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 42 273-282. 

Separation of citric acid from fermentation broth Separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth Production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) from potato wastes Separation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids... 

Next, an experiment was run in which 2.5 g/L of sodium butyrate was added to P2 medium to investigate whether it could be converted to butanol. A control experiment was run containing P2 medium. A separate control experiment was run before each experiment. This is essential because biomass accumulation in the reactor changes with time, thus affecting performance of the reactor (5). The reactor produced 4.77 g/L of total ABE, of which acetone, butanol, and ethanol were 1.51,3.14, and 0.12 g/L, respectively (Table 1). It resulted in a total ABE productivity of 1.53 g/(L-h) and a glucose utilization of 29.4% of that available in the feed of 59.1 g/L. The acid concentration in the effluent was 1.56 g/L. Following this, P2 medium was supplemented with sodium butyrate and the experiment was conducted at the same dilution rate. The reactor produced 1.55 g/L of acetone, 4.04 g/L of butanol, and 0.11 g/L of ethanol, for a total ABE concentration of 5.70 g/L, compared with 4.77 g/L in the control experiment. The productivity was 1.82 g/(L-h), compared with 1.53 g/(L-h) for the control experiment. These experiments suggested that butyrate was used by the culture to produce additional butanol. Note that 0.9 g/L of butanol was produced from 1.65 g/L of butyrate (2.5 g/L in feed, 0.85 g/L in effluent). The yield calculations do not include the amount of butyrate that was utilized by the culture. 

The butanols and their methyl and ethyl ethers have several advantages as oxygenates over methanol and ethanol in gasoline blends. Their energy contents are closer to those of gasoline the compatibility and miscibility problems with petroleum fuels are nil excessive vapor pressure and volatility problems do not occur and they are water tolerant and can be transported in gasoline blends by pipeline without danger of phase separation due to moisture absorption. Fermentation processes (Weizmann process) have been developed for simultaneous production of 1-butanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and ethanol from... 

PEBA membrane was used for separation of acetone, butanol, and ethanol from aqueous solution. 

Synonyms Lactis proteinum Protein, whey Whey protein concentrate Definition Polypeptide obtained from the fluid part of milk after separation from curds Uses Cosmetic protein protein source in animal feeds source of lactose and lactic acid synthesis of riboflavin, acetone, butanol, fuel-grade ethanol cheesemaking culture medium in rigid polyurethane foams moisture retention aid, emulsifier, stabilizer, opacifier, protein fortifier, fat replacer in foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 135.110, 135.140, 184.1979c... 

Polyamide is an especially useful adsorbent for the separation of phenols owing to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the phenolic compounds and the amide group of the polymer. Organic solvents of increasing polarity and aqueous-organic solutions have been used as eluents benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, water-methanol, water-acetone, water-acetic acid, and cyclohexane-acetic acid (93 7) mixtures. Water-propa-nol-27% ammonia (1 8 1), n-butanol-5 M ammonia (100 33), and n-butanol-ethanol-ammonia (5 1 1) have been employed for nitrophenols. 

For illustration purposes, during this chapter the best flowsheets are determined for producing butanol, ethanol, and acetone for grains by fermentation and separation of the fermentation broth. The process has been gaining substantial interest. Related contributions have been summarized by Liu et al. and Fan et al. [3,4]. 

The initial structure represented in Fig. 9.2 has two functional parts. One removes the water content and the other separates the products, i.e., butanol, ethanol, and acetone. Candidate technologies for the first part involve conventional operating units including distillation and azeotropic distillation. Later in the elaboration of the illustrative... 

We examine separation of the mixtures, concentration space of which contains region of existence of two hquid phases and points of heteroazeotropes. It is considerably easier to separate such mixtures into pure components because one can use for separation the combination of distillation columns and decanters (i.e., heteroazeotropic and heteroextractive complexes). Such complexes are widely used now for separation of binary azeotropic mixtures (e.g., of ethanol and water) and of mixtures that form a tangential azeotrope (e.g., acetic acid and water), adding an entrainer that forms two liquid phases with one or both components of the separated azeotropic mixture. In a number of cases, the initial mixture itself contains a component that forms two liquid phases with one or several components of this mixture. Such a component is an autoentrainer, and it is the easiest to separate the mixture under consideration with the help of heteroazeotropic or heteroextractive complex. The example can be the mixture of acetone, butanol, and water, where butanol is autoentrainer. First, heteroazeotropic distillation of the mixture of ethanol and water with the help of benzene as an entrainer was offered in the work (Young, 1902) in the form of a periodical process and then in the form of a continuous process in the work (Kubierschky, 1915). 

Figure 6.16. Trajectories of heteroazeotropic distiUation (a) distillate from azeocolumn to decanter for separation toluene(l)-ethanol(2)-water(3) mixture (b) distillate from azeocolumn to decanter and a recycle stream of the entrainer from decanter to azeocolumn for separation benzene(l)-isopropanol(2)-water(3) mixture (c) distillate from azeostripping to decanter and a recycle stream of the entrainer from decanter to azeostripping for separation benzene(l)-isopropanol(2)-water(3) mixture (d) distillate from azeocolumn to decanter and a recycle stream of the entrainer from decanter to azeocolumn for separation acetic add(l)-n-butyl acetate (2)-water(3) mixture (e) bottom from azeocolumn to decanter for separation butanol(l)-acetone(2)-water(3) mixture and (f) side product from azeocolumn to decanter for separation butanol(l)-acetone(2)-water(3) mixture. Regions of two liquid phases Regi,i 1,2 are shaded.

The purificalion of n-butanol involves removing the acetone and ethanol, and separating the n-butanol from the water. This separation carmot be achieved in a single distillation column because of the presence of an azeotrope. 

Dyes from powdered pencil lead or pencil-writing on plain white paper can be extracted with acetone and portions of extract can be separated on silica gel G plates using toluene-cyclohexane (1 1), butanol-ethanol-H20-anhydrous CH3COOH(70 30 30 0.5) or butanol-ethanol-NH3(4 l l) as mobile phases (6Sa). Reports on the extraction and separation of dyes from different types of inks and other marking materials are also available (65 b-e). 

Pervaporation is a membrane-based product recovery technique. In this process, membrane is used to selectively separate volatile compounds (eg, ethanol and butanol). Volatile compounds in the liquid diffuse through the membrane and evaporate into vapor, and are collected by condensation (Yang and Lu, 2013). A partial pressure difference across the membrane is required to volatilize permeates into vapor. Polydimethylsilox-ane (PDMS) membrane has been extensively used for pervaporation separation of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (Liu et al., 2005). 

A hybrid process that combines membrane separation and distillation for bioethanol and biobutanol production is being worked on by MTR [88, 89]. The membrane units use either vapor permeation or PV. The BioSep processes offer more than 50% energy savings and are cost competitive with respect to conventional distillation-molecular sieve technology. They are attractive when the ethanol concentration in the fermentation step is low, such as in cellulose-to-ethanol and algae-to-ethanol. In the case of biobutanol production, the membrane systems concentrate and dehydrate the acetone, butanol and ethanol mixture, saving up to 87% of the energy required to recover biobutanol by conventional separation techniques. 

Absorption is widely used as a raw material and/or product recovery technique in separation and purification of gaseous streams containing high concentrations of VOC, especially water-soluble compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, and formaldehyde. Hydrophobic VOC can be absorbed using an amphiphilic block copolymer dissolved in water. However, as an emission control... 

Figure 8.19 Two-diaenslonal separation of the components of a coal derived gasoline fraction using live switching. Column A was 121 n open tubular column coated with poly(ethelene glycol) and column B a 64 m poly(dimethylsiloxane) thick film column. Both columns were temperature programmed independently taking advantage of the two oven configuration. Peak identification 1 acetone, 2 2-butanone, 3 > benzene, 4 isopropylmethylketone, 5 isoprop-anol, 6 ethanol, 7 toluene, 8 => propionitrile, 9 acetonitrile, 10 isobutanol, 11 — 1-propanol, and 12 = 1-butanol. (Reproduced with permission from Siemens AG).

Fig. 11. Separation of a mixture of organic solvents using 50 cm long 100 (left) and 320 pm i.d. (right) monolithic capillary columns (Reprinted with permission from [112]. Copyright 2000 Wiley-VCH). Conditions temperature gradient 120 - 300 °C, 20 °C/min, inlet pressure 0.55 MPa, split injection. Peaks methanol (1), ethanol (2), acetonitrile (3), acetone (4), 1-propanol (5), methyl ethyl ketone (6), 1-butanol (7),toluene (8), ethylbenzene (9),propylbenzene (10),butyl-benzene (11)...

Methanol is not miscible with hydrocarbons and separation ensues readily in the presence of small quantities of water, particularly with reduction in temperature. On the other hand, anhydrous ethanol is completely miscible in all proportions with gasoline, although separation may be effected by water addition or by cooling. If water is already present, the water tolerance is higher for ethanol than for methanol, and can be improved by the addition of higher alcohols, such as butanol. Also benzene or acetone can be used. The wear problem is believed to be caused by formic acid attack, when methanol is used or acetic acid attack when ethanol is used. 

Figure 1. Separation of selected solvents spiked into a synthetic sample at TLV levels (A) aqueous phase, (B) carbon disulfide phase 1, ethanol, 2, acetone, 3, carbon disulfide, 4, 2-propanol, 5, 1-propanol, 6, methyl ethyl ketone, 7, ethyl acetate, 8, 1-butanol, 9, isopropyl acetate, 10, n-hexane, 11, n-propyl acetate, 12, methyl isobutyl ketone, 13, toluene (19)...

It was a good idea, but it didn t work. No microbe that Weizmann tried yielded isoprene. But Clostridium aceto-butylium did convert starch into a mixture of ethanol, acetone, and butanol, a blend that did not particularly interest Weizmann. It certainly interested Lloyd George, however he heard the whole account from Weizmann himself. Here, pehaps, was a way to produce the acetone that they sorely needed for the manufacture of cordite. Weizmann was asked to scale up his experimental process, and within a short time he d converted a gin distillery into a factory to make his mixture. He easily separated the acetone through distillation, and soon mass production was under way. There was no need for butanol, and huge stocks built up. But after the war the... 

The addition of solvents influences the separation of volatiles from samples by altering their partition coefficients. The sign of the effect depends on the relative polarity of the compounds and solvents involved. Table 4.4 illustrates the effect of the presence of an additional polar solvent such as an alcohol or acetone in an aqueous solution of BTX. As can be seen, the partition coefficient for the three analytes increases in the presence of a polar organic additive [e.g. 5% v/v alcohol (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol)] or acetone in the aqueous solution. Consequently, the additives aid dissolution of polarizable aromatics in water and ultimately decrease the sensitivity by a factor of 2-3. 

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