Membrane-based solvent extraction

Separations in two-phase systems with one immobilized interface(s) are much newer. The first paper on membrane-based solvent extraction (MBSE) published Kim [4] in 1984. However, the inventions of new methods of contacting two and three liquid phases and new types of liquid membranes have led to a significant progress in the last forty years. Separations in systems with immobilized interfaces have begun to be employed in industry. New separation processes in two- and three-phase systems with one or two immobilized L/L interfaces realized with the help of microporous hydrophobic wall(s) (support) are alternatives to classical L/L extraction and are schematically shown in Figure 23.1. Membrane-based solvent extraction (MBSE) in a two-phase system with one immobilized interface feed/solvent at the mouth of microspores of hydrophobic support is depicted in Figure 23.1a and will be discussed... 

Membrane-Based Solvent Extraction (MBSE) and Stripping (MBSS) 517... 

Figure 23.3 Detail view of the two-phase system in membrane-based solvent extraction (MBSE) in contactor with hydrophobic wall.

Kim, B.M. (1984) Membrane-based solvent extraction for selective removal and recovery of metals. Journal of Membrane Science, 21, 5. 

Schlosser, S., Sabolova, E., Kertesz, R. and Kubisova, L. (2001) Factors influencing transport through liquid membranes and membrane-based solvent-extraction. Journal of Separation Science, 24, 509. 

Schlosser, S., Kertesz, R. and Martak, J. (2005) Recovery and separation of organic acids by membrane-based solvent extraction and pertraction - An overview with a case study on recovery of MPCA. Separation and Purification Technology, 41, 237. 

Sciubba, L., Di Gioia, D., Fava, F. and Gostoli, C. (2008) Membrane-based solvent extraction of vanilin in hollow-fiber contactors, accepted for publication in Desalination. 

Kubisova, L ., Sabolova, E., Schlosser, ., Martak, J. and Kertesz, R. (2004) Mass-transfer in membrane-based solvent extraction and stripping of 5-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid and co-transport of sulphuric add in HF contactors. Desalination, 163, 27. 

Schlosser, ., Sabolova, E. and Martak, J. (2001) Pertraction and membrane-based solvent extraction of carboxylic adds in hollow-fiber contactors, in Solvent Extraction for the 21st Century (eds M. Valiente and M. Hidalgo), Society of Chemical Industries, London, p. 1041. 

Pierre, F.X., Souchon, I. and Marin, M. (2001) Recovery of sulfur aroma compounds using membrane-based solvent-extraction. Journal of Membrane Science, 187, 239. 

Bocquet, S., Viladomat, E.G., Nova, C.M., Sanchez, J., Athes, V. and Souchon, I. (2006) Membrane-based solvent extraction of aroma compounds Choice of configurations of hollow fiber modules based on experiments and simulation. Journal of Membrane Science, 281, 358. 

Ortiz, I., Bringas, E., San Roman, M.F. and Urtiaga, A.M. (2004) Selective separation of zinc and iron from spent pickling solutions by membrane-based solvent extraction Process viability. Separation Science and Technology, 39, 2441. 

Kertesz, R. and Schlosser, . (2004) Simulation of simultaneous membrane-based solvent extraction and stripping of phenylalanine in hollow-fiber contactors. Proc. 16th Int. Congr. CHISA 2004, Prague, full text on CD ROM. 

Reverse osmosis also serves some of the waste management and resource recovery needs in the metals and metal finishing industry. Effluent streams from mining and plating operations containing heavy metals, acids, and other chemicals can be treated with reverse osmosis to recover both the metal as its salt, and purified water for reuse. For metal ion recovery from dilute solutions, however, reverse osmosis faces competition from conventional solvent extraction, membrane-based solvent extraction, and its variant, coupled transport (see Section V.F.3). 

Processes for production of ethanol and acetone-butanol-ethanol mixture from fermentation products in membrane contactor devices were presented in Refs. [88,89]. Recovery of butanol from fermentation was reported in Ref. [90]. Use of composite membrane in a membrane reactor to separate and recover valuable biotechnology products was discussed in Refs. [91,92]. A case study on using membrane contactor modules to extract small molecular weight compounds of interest to pharmaceutical industry was shown in Ref. [93]. Extraction of protein and separation of racemic protein mixtures were discussed in Refs. [94,95]. Extractions of ethanol and lactic acid by membrane solvent extraction are reported in Refs. [96,97]. A membrane-based solvent extraction and stripping process was discussed in Ref. [98] for recovery of Phenylalanine. Extraction of aroma compounds from aqueous feed solutions into sunflower oil was investigated in Ref. [99]. 

Prasad R and Sirkar KK, Membrane-based solvent extraction, in Ho WSW and Sirkar KK, eds. Membrane Handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1992, 727-741. 

Kertesz R, Schlosser S, and Simo M, Membrane bases solvent extraction and stripping of Phenylalanine in HE contactors. Euromembrane 2004, Hamburg, Germany, September 28-October 1, 2004. 

Schlosser S, Sabolova E, Kertesz R, and Kubisova L. Eactors influencing transport through Uquid membranes and membrane based solvent extraction. J Sep Sci, 2001 24(7) 509-518. 

Coelhoso I.M., Silcivestre P., Viegas R.M.C., Crespo J.P.S.G., and Carrondo M.J.T., Membrane-based solvent extraction and stripping of lactate in hollow-fiber contactors. J. Membr. Sci. 134, 19-32, 1997. 

The mass-transfer efficiencies of various MHF contactors have been studied by many researchers. Dahuron and Cussler [AlChE 34(1), pp. 130-136 (1988)] developed a membrane mass-transfer coefficient model (k ) Yang and Cussler [AIChE /., 32(11), pp. 1910-1916 (1986)] developed a shell-side mass-transfer coefficient model (ks) for flow directed radially into the fibers and Prasad and Sirkar [AIChE /., 34(2), pp. 177-188 (1988)] developed a tube-side mass-transfer coefficient model (k,). Additional studies have been published by Prasad and Sirkar [ Membrane-Based Solvent Extraction, in Membrane Handbook, Ho and Sirkar, eds. (Chapman Hall, 1992)] by Reed, Semmens, and Cussler [ Membrane Contactors, Membrane Separations Technology Principle. and Applications, Noble and Stern, eds. (Elsevier, 1995)] by Qin and Cabral [MChE 43(8), pp. 1975-1988 (1997)] by Baudot, Floury, and Smorenburg [AIChE ]., 47(8), pp. 1780-1793 (2001)] by GonzSlez-Munoz et al. [/. Memhane Sci., 213(1-2), pp. 181-193 (2003) and J. Membrane Sci., 255(1-2), pp. 133-140 (2005)] by Saikia, Dutta, and Dass [/. Membrane Sci., 225(1-2), pp. 1-13 (2003)] by Bocquet et al. [AIChE... 

The theory of membrane-based solvent extraction suggests that overall mass transfer of treated solute consists of several steps diffusion of the solute through the aqueous layer from the bulk source aqueous solution to the phases interface (nonequibbrium process), interaction of the solute with extractant and formation of the solute-extractant complex (as a rule, the... 

The authors of very many works on so-caUed membrane-based or nondispersive solvent extraction could not prove that the process reaches equilibrium. Therefore, we cannot confirm the processes, published in these works, as membrane-based solvent extraction, but can confirm them as liquid membrane processes. Liquid membrane separations are dynamic nonequilibrium processes, in which only local equilibrium at immiscible phases interface may be suggested. 

Vajda M, Havalda I, Macek R. Membrane-based solvent extraction and stripping of zinc in a hohow-fiber contactor operating in a circulating mode. Desalination 2004 163 19-25. 

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