Selenium concentrator

Indicator plants generally have an offensive odor, which varies with the selenium concentration. Other vegetable matter grown on seleniferous soils may have a sufficiently high selenium content to be toxic when ingested by animals or humans. Apart from appearance in these seleniferous plants, selenium has been considered as a variable contaminant. Selenium is a necessary micronutrient in living organisms, needed by humans as well as animals (see Mineral NUTHiENTs). 

Burger J, Gochfeld M. 1995. Heavy metal and selenium concentrations in eggs of Herring Gulls (Lams argentatus) temporal differences from 1989 to 1994. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 29 192-197. 

Gochfeld M. 1997. Spatial patterns in a bioindicator heavy metal and selenium concentrations in eggs of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in the New York Bight. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 33 63-70. 

Scheuhammer AM, Perrault JA, Bond DE. 2001. Mercury, methyhnercury, and selenium concentrations in eggs of Common Loons (Gavia immer) from Canada. Environ Monitor Assess 72 79-74. 

Sepulveda MS, Poppenga RH, Arrecis JJ, Quinn LB. 1998. Mercury and selenium concentrations in free-ranging in tissues from double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from southern Florida. Colonial Waterbirds 2T35M2. 

Wayland M, Gilchrist HG, Marchant T, Keating J, Smits JE. 2002. Immune function, stress response, and body condition in Arctic-breeding common eiders in relation to cadmium, mercury, and selenium concentrations. Environ Res 90 47-60. 

In contrast to the estimation of total dissolved sulfur concentration (ES), the total dissolved selenium concentration (ESe) has not yet been estimated. The Beppu hot springs which are accompanied by Au-Ag siliceous sinter, contain about 10 moI/1 Se (Uzumasa, 1965). For the construction of Figs. 1.93 and 1.94, the Se/S ratio of the ore fluids is assumed to be 10 . ... 

Kauppila, A., Korpela, H., Makila, U-M. and Yrjanheikki, E. (1987). Low serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Br. Med. J. 294, 150-152. 

Valimaki, M., Alfthan, G., Pikkarainin, J., Ylikahri, R. and Salaspuro, M. (1987). Blood and liver selenium concentrations in patients with liver diseases. Clin. Chim. Acta 166, 171-176. 

Necheles et al. (N4) first reported a genetically determined homozygous GSH-Px deficiency associated with neonatal jaundice and mild hemolysis. Spontaneous recovery from hemolysis was noted 3 months after birth. Thereafter, several cases with GSH-Px deficiency were reported. Newborn infants exhibit significantly lower red blood cell GSH-Px activity and serum selenium concentrations than adult control subjects, and a significantly positive correlation between selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity has been observed. Furthermore, the addition of selenium stimulates, both in vivo and in vitro, the GSH-Px activity. The neonatal red blood cell GSH-Px deficiency may be partially due to insufficient availability of selenium during pregnancy (P9). Therefore, the diagnosis of GSH-Px deficiency in newborn infants must be made carefully. 

It may be necessary to segregate waste streams containing elevated concentrations of arsenic and selenium, especially waste streams with concentrations in excess of lmg/L for these pollutants. Arsenic and selenium form anionic acids in solution (most other metals act as cations) and require special preliminary treatment prior to conventional metals treatment. Lime, a source of calcium ions, is effective in reducing arsenic and selenium concentrations when the initial concentration is below lmg/L. However, preliminary treatment with sodium sulfide at a low pH (i.e., 1-3) may be required for waste streams with concentrations in excess of lmg/L.22 The sulfide reacts with the anionic acids to form insoluble sulfides that are readily separated by means of filtration. 

Soltanpour P.N., Olsen S.R., Goos R. J. Effects of nitrogen fertilization of dryland wheat on grain selenium concentration. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1982 46 430-433. 

The possible involvement of free radicals in the development of hypertension has been suspected for a long time. In 1988, Salonen et al. [73] demonstrated the marked elevation of blood pressure for persons with the lowest levels of plasma ascorbic acid and serum selenium concentrations. In subsequent studies these authors confirmed their first observations and showed that the supplementation with antioxidant combination of ascorbic acid, selenium, vitamin E, and carotene resulted in a significant decrease in diastonic blood pressure [74] and enhanced the resistance of atherogenic lipoproteins in human plasma to oxidative stress [75]. Kristal et al. [76] demonstrated that hypertention is accompanied by priming of PMNs although the enhancement of superoxide release was not correlated with the levels of blood pressure. Russo et al. [77] showed that essential hypertension patients are characterized by higher MDA levels and decreased SOD activities. 

Selenium concentrations in field populations of selected species of flora and fauna... 

May, T.W. and G.L. McKinney. 1981. Cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and selenium concentrations in freshwater fish, 1976-77 — National Pesticide Monitoring Program. Pestic. Monit. Jour. 15 14-38. 

May, T.W. and G.L. McKinney. 1981. Cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and selenium concentrations in freshwater fish, 1976-77 — National Pesticide Monitoring Program. Pestic. Monitor. Jour. 15 14-38. McDonald, L.J. 1986. Suspected lead poisoning in an Amazon parrot. Canad. Vet. Jour. 27 131-134. McLean, R.O. and A.K. Jones. 1975. Studies of tolerance to heavy metals in the flora of the rivers Ystwyth and Clarach, Wales. Freshwater Biol. 5 431 -444. 

Godbold, D.L. 1991. Mercury-induced root damage in spruce seedlings. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56 823-831. Goede, A.A. and H.T. Wolterbeek. 1994. Have high selenium concentrations in wading birds their origin in mercury Sci. Total Environ. 144 247-253. 

Gooneratne, S.R. and D.A. Christensen. 1989. A survey of maternal and fetal tissue zinc, iron, manganese and selenium concentrations in bovine. Canad. Jour. Anim. Sci. 69 151-159. 

Drinking water of weanling males contained 150 mg CN/L for 9 weeks Significant reduction in glutathione activity, and in selenium concentrations in blood, kidney, liver, and muscle 35... 

Elzubeir, E.A. and R.H. Davis. 1988a. Effect of dietary sodium nitroprusside as a source of cyanide on the selenium status of chicks given diets of varying selenium concentration. Brit. Poult. Sci. 29 769-777. 

Table 31.1 (continued) Selenium Concentrations in Nonbiological Materials... 

Table 31.2 Selenium Concentrations in Field Populations of Selected Species of Flora and Fauna (Values shown are in mg total Se/kg [ppm] fresh weight [FW], dry weight [DW], or ash weight [AW], Hyphenated numbers show range, and single numbers the mean where both appear, the range is in parentheses.)...

---