With Sodium Sulfide

Reaction of Diorgano Tellurium Dihalides with Sodium Sulfide General Procedure A 15-fold molar excess of sodium sulfide nonahydrate is mixed with the diorgano tellurium dihalide and the mixture is heated at 90-95 on a boiling water bath. When the mixture has become liquid, it is stirred for an additional 10 min, and then cooled. Water is added to dissolve the sulfide and the mixture is filtered to collect the solid diorgano tellurium product. Liquid diorgano tellurium products are extracted into petroleum ether. Products are purified by recrystallization or distillation. 

Examples of diorgano tellurium compounds prepared in this manner arc  

5-Dihydrotellurophene was obtained in 84% yield as a yellow oil with an obnoxious odor by shaking 2,5-dihydrotellurophene Te,Te-dichloride with a mixture of 5% aqueous sodium sulfide solution and diethyl ether  

Irgolic Organo Tellurium Compounds with 2 Te—C Bonds or 1 Te = C Bond 

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Butyrolactone with sodium sulfide or hydrosulftde forms 4,4 -thiodibutyric acid (168) with sodium disulfide, the product is 4,4 -dithiodibutyric acid... 

Ryton fibers are high performance products developed by Phillips Petroleum Co. by reaction of -dichloroben2ene with sodium sulfide in the presence of a polar solvent according to the following ... 

Unha.iring, Unhairing can be done either by a hair save or a hair pulp system. The hair pulp system is preferred by most tanners for its speed and labor efficiency. In the hair pulp system the hides are treated with sodium sulfide (sulfhydrate) and lime (calcium hydroxide). The hair is quickly destroyed by the strong alkaline reducing conditions. 

Zinc ores are generally floated at the mine (18). In the case of simple zinc sulfide ores, flotation is carried out by treatment with copper sulfate to activate the sphalerite causing it to be wet by the organic collector (eg, xanthate). The now-hydrophobic zinc ore particles attach themselves to the rising bubbles. Oxidized ore particles present must be sulftdized with sodium sulfide to be floated (19). Flotation produces concentrates which are ca 50—60% zinc. In mixed ore, the lead and copper are usually floated after depressing the sphalerite with cyanide or zinc sulfate. The sphalerite is then activated and floated. 

The filtered sodium thioantimonate solution obtained from the leaching of stibnite with sodium sulfide may also be reduced directly to metal by elemental sodium (17). Yields ia excess of 95% of 99.5 pure antimony are claimed (18). 

Cyanuiic chloiide reacts with sodium sulfide to form tritliio(iso)cyanuric acid [638-16 ] (11). For a review of cyanuric chloride chemistry, see Reference 79. 

Sulfur Dyes. These dyes ate appHed to cottoa from an alkaline-teduciag bath with sodium sulfide as the reduciag ageat. NumeticaUy this is a relatively smaU group. However, the low cost and good washfastness properties of the dyeiags make this class important from an economic standpoiat (see SULFURDYES). 

This compound can be converted to l,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquiaone by reduction of nitro groups with sodium sulfide. 

Tris-methylthio-s-triazine undergoes similar displacement with methanolic methoxide. Its methylthio groups are substituted with sodium sulfide and with ammonia. Methylthio and carboxymethylthio substituents are readily hydrolyzed by dilute acid. ... 

Compounds 15 can be prepared either by acylation of bis(o-aminophenyl) ditelluride (88KGS276 89KGS120) or by reduction of A -acyl-2-trichlorotelluro-benzenes with sodium sulfide (88MI1). 

Dibenzo[d,g][l,5]telluroazocines 65 are the only representatives of Te, N-containing eight-membered heterocycles known thus far. Treatment of bis(2-bromomethylphenyl)tellurium dibromide 66 with methylamine followed by reduction of the reaction mixture with sodium sulfide gives, instead of the expected... 

A -methyl-5//,7//-dibenzo[d,.g][l,5]telluroazocine 65, its thiooxide 67a (X=S, R= Me) (95JA6388). The same type of reaction with benzylamine and sodium selenide gives A-benzyl-5//,7//-dibenzo[d,g][l,5]telluroazocine selenoxide 67b (X = Se, R = CH2Ph). Reaction of the tellurium dibromide 66 with sodium sulfide carried out in the absence of the primary amines affords the eight-member Te,S-containing heterocycle 5//,7//-dibenzo[d,g][l,5]telluroazocine (92CL151). 

With sodium sulfide in methanol (pH = 9), deca-2,4,6,8-tetrayne (51) forms 5-methyl-(2-penta-2,4-diynyl)thiophene (52) in 60% yield (77HOU947). 

Tertiary nitro compounds are converted into the cortespooding thiols by the reacdon with sodium sulfide and snlfnr fSj in DMSO followed by the redncdon with Al-Hg. fEq. 7.12. Secondary and primary nitro compounds do not give thiols in these reacdons instead, a complex set of product is formed. 

The analogous reaction with sodium sulfide gives a dimeric product 4 that contains a disulfide bridge.212... 

Symmetrical thioethers can also be prepared by treatment of an alkyl halide with sodium sulfide, or with S(MgBr)2 with allylic halides. ... 

It may be necessary to segregate waste streams containing elevated concentrations of arsenic and selenium, especially waste streams with concentrations in excess of lmg/L for these pollutants. Arsenic and selenium form anionic acids in solution (most other metals act as cations) and require special preliminary treatment prior to conventional metals treatment. Lime, a source of calcium ions, is effective in reducing arsenic and selenium concentrations when the initial concentration is below lmg/L. However, preliminary treatment with sodium sulfide at a low pH (i.e., 1-3) may be required for waste streams with concentrations in excess of lmg/L.22 The sulfide reacts with the anionic acids to form insoluble sulfides that are readily separated by means of filtration. 

Hexavalent chromium and metals such as zinc and nickel that are present as impurities in the chromites ore are predominant pollutants associated with the sodium dichromate plant. They are generally removed through alkaline precipitation, clarification, filtration, and settling processes. The wastewater is treated with sodium sulfide to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium,... 

Reacts with sodium sulfide even more exothermically than molybdenum pentachlo-ride. 

Reaction of a dihalide with sodium sulfide is perhaps the most direct way of creating a sulfur bridge it has, for example, been used to synthesize the thiophene (8) from a dichloro-substituted precursor (9).9... 

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