Selective metallization

Leopold D G, Ho J and Lineberger W C 1987 Photoelectron spectroscopy of mass-selected metal cluster anions. I. Cuji, n = 1 -10 J. Chem. Phys. 86 1715... 

Copper is clearly the most selective metal-ion catalyst. Interestingly, proton catalysis also leads to high selectivities. This is a strong indication that selectivity in this catalysed Diels-Alder reaction does not result from steric interactions. 

TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applications of Selected Metal Ion Indicators... 

Stepwise and cumulative formation constants for selected metal-ligand complexes are given in Appendix 3C. 

Noncnzymc-Catalyzcd Reactions The variable-time method has also been used to determine the concentration of nonenzymatic catalysts. Because a trace amount of catalyst can substantially enhance a reaction s rate, a kinetic determination of a catalyst s concentration is capable of providing an excellent detection limit. One of the most commonly used reactions is the reduction of H2O2 by reducing agents, such as thiosulfate, iodide, and hydroquinone. These reactions are catalyzed by trace levels of selected metal ions. Eor example the reduction of H2O2 by U... 

In the recent years intensive studies related to modification of silica with organic compounds of various chemical nature have being conducted in order to concentrate selectively metal ions from solutions and then to perform their analytical determination directly in the sorbent phase, or after that, to elute with appropriate reagents in solution. 

TABLE 16.1 Galvanic Series of Selected Metals in Sea Water ... 

Note that the theoretical spall strength now depends upon the cohesive energy as well as the bulk modulus. Representative values for selected metals are shown in Table 8.1. These can be compared with experimental spall strengths in later sections. 

Select metal or alloy (or non-metallic material) for the particular environmental conditions prevailing (composition, temperature, velocity, etc.) taking into account mechanical and physical properties, availability, method of fabrication and overall cost of structure. Decide whether or not an expensive corrosion-resistant alloy is more economical than a cheaper metal that requires protection and periodic maintenance. 

One mole of the complex-forming H2 Y2 reacts in all cases with one mole of the metal ion and in each case, also, two moles of hydrogen ion are formed. It is apparent from equation (o) that the dissociation of the complex will be governed by the pH of the solution lowering the pH will decrease the stability of the metal-EDTA complex. The more stable the complex, the lower the pH at which an EDTA titration of the metal ion in question may be carried out. Table 2.3 indicates minimum pH values for the existence of EDTA complexes of some selected metals. 

Minimum pH at which Selected metals complexes exist... 

Selective metal-ligand interactions in heterometallic transition metal clusters. E. Sappa, A. Tiripio-chio and P. Braunstein, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1985, 65, 219 (218). 

Activation methods can be divided into two groups. Activation by addition of selected metals (a few wt%), mainly transition metals, e.g., fine powders of Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Pt, Pd, etc. ", or chlorides of these metals when these are reducible to the metal by hydrogen during presintering. The mechanism of activation is not understood (surface tension, surface diffusion, etc.) but is related to the electronic structure of the metal additive. Activation by carbon is also effective. Alternatively, activation utilizes powders in a specially activated state, e.g., very fine (submicronic) powders. ... 

Calculated Softness Character (E ) OF Selected Metal Cations... 

Average content (in parts per million or percent) of selected metals and SIOt in 37 hydrothermal sulfide samples from the Sunrise deposit (lizasa et ah, 1999)... 

Extraction of a selected metal by applying solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrolysis, or gaseous reduction. 

The ideas presented here merely scratch the surface of factors that control metal ion selectivity in biological systems. It is hoped that in future the picture will become even clearer, enabling us to learn much more about ligand design and selective metal ion complexation. 

Fuller, W.H., Movement of Selected Metals, Asbestos and Cyanide in Soils Applications to Waste Disposal Problems, EPA 600/2-77-020, NTIS PB 266 905, U.S. EPA, 1977. 

Though relatively stable,explosions have been caused by distillation to dryness [1], or attempted distillation at ambient pressure [2]. In a comprehensive review of the use of the hydroperoxide as a selective metal-catalysed oxygenator for alkenes and alkynes, attention is drawn to several potential hazards in this application. One specific hazard to be avoided stems from the fact that Lucidol TBHP-70 contains 19% of di-ferf-butyl peroxide which will survive the catalysed reaction and may lead to problems in the work-up and distillation [3], A thorough investigation of the stability and explosive properties of the 70% solution in water has been carried out [4]. The anhydrous peroxide as a solution in toluene may now readily be prepared azeotropically, and the solutions are stable in storage at ambient temperature. This solution is now a preferred method for using the anhydrous hydroperoxide [5],... 

Early in the history of crystal dislocations, the lack of resistance to motion in pure metal-like crystals was provided by the Bragg bubble model, although it was not taken seriously. By adjusting the size of the bubbles in a raft, it was found that the elastic behavior of the raft could be made comparable with that of a selected metal such as copper (Bragg and Lomer, 1949). In such a raft, it was further found that, as expected, the force needed to form a dislocation is large. However, the force needed to move a bubble is too small to measure. 

The addition of ammonia to the variety of acids derivable from either the breakdown of glucose, glycolysis, or of the pentose shunt reaction products, ribose and NADPH, and from the citrate cycle, gives the amino acids (see Table 4.7 and Figure 4.4) Polymerisation of amino acids in cells gives proteins. In some of the amino acids sulfur and selenium can be incorporated easily. We assume NH3 was present. (Note that Se is in a coded amino acid not in Table 4.7.) Some selective metal-binding properties can be seen in Table 4.7, but amino acid carboxylates can bind all. 

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