Electrical conductivity selected metals

An obvious solution to the surface area limitation is to distribute the selected metal over a high surface area support. However, as metal is consumed in the process, a conventional metal support system would require frequent replacement. A more attractive proposition is offered by the availability of permeable monolithic carbon fiber composites, which were discussed earlier in this chapter. The ability to make these composites electrically conducting allows metals to be... 

The composition of the electrolyte is quite important in controlling the electrolytic deposition of the pertinent metal, the chemical interaction of the deposit with the electrolyte, and the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte. In the case of molten salts, the solvent cations and the solvent anions influence the electrodeposition process through the formation of complexes. The stability of these complexes determines the extent of the reversibility of the overall electroreduction process and, hence, the type of the deposit formed. By selecting a suitable mixture of solvent cations to produce a chemically stable solution with strong solute cation-anion interactions, it is possible to optimize the stability of the complexes so as to obtain the best deposition kinetics. In the case of refractory and reactive metals, the presence of a reasonably stable complex is necessary in order to yield a coherent deposition rather than a dendritic type of deposition. 

Each step in dendrimer synthesis occurs independent of the other steps therefore, a dendrimer can take on the characteristics defined by the chemical properties of the monomers used to construct it. Dendrimers thus can have almost limitless properties depending on the methods and materials used for their synthesis. Characteristics can include hydrophilic or hydrophobic regions, the presence of functional groups or reactive groups, metal chelating properties, core/shell dissimilarity, electrical conductivity, hemispherical divergence, biospecific affinity, photoactivity, or the dendrimers can be selectively cleavable at particular points within their structure. 

The ceramic properties of EU2O3 were investigated by Curtis and Tharp [305]. The electric conductivities of rare earth oxides including EU2O3 between 600—1300° C were reported [675]. The selective oxidation of Ci to C5 olefins and Ci to C5 alcohols by direct fuel cells employing noble metal anodes and aqueous H2SO4 electrolytes was found to be enhanced [676] by small additions of soluble salts of Ce, Eu and Yb. 

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