Schistosome

More then a dozen representatives of the above ring systems were introduced into the human therapy. Actisomide (2) and trequinsin (3) are used as antiarrhytmic and antihypertensive agents, respectively. Sunepitron (4), a a 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, is under clinical trials for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Representatives of the third generation of antibacterial quinolone-3-carboxylic acids the blockbluster ofloxacin (5), its levorotatory enantiomer, levofloxacin (6), and rufloxacin (7) have gained wide acceptance for the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, and soft tissues, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, and pazufloxacin (8) is under development. Praziquantel (9) is widely applied for the treatment of schistosomes- and cestode-caused infection in both veterinary and human therapies (Scheme 4). 

Schistosome. A genus of blood flukes common to tropical areas, Schistosomiasis. Infestation with schistosomes. 

Anaerobic processes that produce methane from waste solve 2 problems at once waste and energy. Anaerobic processes provide some of the simplest and most practical methods for minimizing public health hazards from human and animal wastes. Pathogens such as schistosome eggs, hookworm, flat/tape worm, dysentery Bacillus, poliovirus, Salmonella, and... 

Herve, M., et al. (2003). Pivotal roles of the parasite PGD2 synthase and of the host D prostanoid receptor 1 in schistosome immune evasion. Eur. J. Immunol 33, 2764-72. 

Wippersteg V, Ribeiro F, Liedtke S et al (2003) The uptake of Texas Red-BSA in the excretory system of schistosomes and its colocalisation with ER60 promoter-induced GFP in transiently transformed adult males. Int J Parasitol 33 1139-1143... 

Dias-Neto, E., Pereira de Souza, C., Rollinson, D., Katz, N., Pena, S.D.J. and Simpson, A.J.G. (1993) The random amplification of polymorphic DNA allows the identification of strains and species of schistosome. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 57, 83-88. 

Velupillai, P. and Ham, D.A. (1994) Oligosaccharide-specific induction of interleukin-10 production by B220+ cells from schistosome-infected mice - a mechanism for regulation of CD4+ T-cell subsets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91, 18—22. 

No cLBP-like proteins other than those from nematodes and schistosomes have tryptophan side-chains in this sticky finger position (Kennedy and Beauchamp, 2000 Kennedy et al., 2000). This is potentially useful... 

Chensue, S.W., Warmington, K.S., Ruth, J.H., Sanghi, P.S., Lincoln, P. and Kunkel, S.L. (1996) Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in Thl (mycobacterial) and Th2 (schistosomal) antigen-induced granuloma formation. Journal of Immunology 157, 4602-4608. 

International Agency for Research on Cancer Infection with Helicobacter pylori, in Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori. Lyon, IARC, 1994, pp 177-202. 

The answer is a. (Hardman, pp 1020-1022.) Praziquantel is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent. It appears to kill the adult schistosome by... 

Parasitic helminths, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms, schistosomes and filarial nematodes are highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas of the world [1]. These infections often overlap and affect more than 1 billion... 

Van der Kleij D. Latz E. Brouwers JFHM, et al A novel host-parasite lipid crosstalk schistosomal lysophos-phatidylserine activates toll-like receptor 2 and affects immune polarization. 

Cercariae of the blood fluke (or schistosome) Schistosoma mansoni are attracted to humans first by temperature and light. The first signal that... 

In an excellent review of the immunopathogenesis of schistosomiasis, Warren (W3) reported that the egg of the schistosome parasite was the prime factor responsible for the hepatosplenomegaly in the mouse furthermore, that neonatal thymectomy and antilymphocyte serum had marked immunosuppression on the granuloma formation around schistosome eggs injected into the lungs of mice, implying that cell-mediated immunity must play some role in the protection of the host against schistosome infection. 

The schistosomes (blood flukes) are a distinct group of trematodes. These hehninths are cylindrical at the anterior end and flattened at the posterior end. The... 

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