Schistosome egg antigen

TLR-dependent MyD88-independent signalling pathways exist (Akira and Takeda, 2004), and it is feasible that these may be important for the DC response to schistosome egg antigens (Agrawal ef a/., 2003 Thomas et al., 2003 Thomas and Harn, 2004). 

Velupillai, P., dos Reis, E.A., dos Reis, M.G. and Harn, D.A. (2000) Lewis(x)-containing oligosaccharide attenuates schistosome egg antigen-induced immune depression in human schistosomiasis. Human Immunology 61, 225-232. 

Jacobs W, Deelder A, Van Marck E (1999) Schistosomal granuloma modulation. II. Specific immunogenic carbohydrates can modulate schistosome-egg-antigen-induced hepatic granuloma formation. Parasitol Res 85(1) 14 8. 

There is a tight correlation during infection between the deposition of parasite eggs and the development of the Th2 response. This is due to the inherent ability of schistosome eggs to induce Th2 responses, a characteristic that has been demonstrated repeatedly in mice injected via intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes with isolated eggs and/or soluble egg antigens (Pearce and MacDonald,... 

Rutitzky, L.I., Hernandez, H.J. and Stadecker, M.J. (2001) Thl -polarizing immunization with egg antigens correlates with severe exacerbation of immunopathology and death in schistosome infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98, 13243-13248. 

Williams, D.L., Asahi, H., Botkin, D.J. and Stadecker, M.J. (2001) Schistosome infection stimulates host CD4(+)T helper cell and B-cell responses againsta novel egg antigen, thioredoxin peroxidase. Infection and Immunity 69, 1 1 34-11 41. 

Colonization with helminths prevent onset of diabetes in the NOD murine model of TID. NOD mice exposed to S. mansoni are protected from developing diabetes. Schistosome egg or antigen e q>osure induces immune regulatory ILIO and augments NKT cell activity that may help prevent insulinitis. Colonization with T. spiralis or H. polygyrus also inhibits diabetes in NODmice. ... 

Tissue damage in schistosomiasis is attributable more to a host response than to toxic effects of the ova. Thus schistosomal eggs deposited experimentally in the mouse in liver sinusoids induced a cell-mediated granulomatous reaction (Warren et al. 1967), and this granulomatous reaction can be eUc-ited also by a soluble antigen of the eggs (Borus and Warren 1970). 

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