Satellite batteries

After reviewing these problems, we decided to build a satellite battery to handle half the produced liquid on the lease. The central battery was to be modified to increase ns treating and disposal capacity to 32,000 BD (5088 m3/d) by installing some type of water-polishing device between the existing free-watcr knockouts and the produced-water disposal system. 

The Na S system is expected to provide significant increases in energy density for satellite battery systems. In-housc testing of Na-S cells designed to simulate midaltitude (MAO) and geosynchronous orbits (GEO) demonstrated over 6450 and over 1400 cycles, respectively. 

Silver-cadmium satellite batteries have been used, in cyclic periods of five hours or more with discharge times of 30-60 min. Operational and test programs have shown cycle life periods of 3 yr at low temperatures. At temperatures of 40°C and 50°C, the cycle life is 1 yr and 0.2 yr, respectively. The cycle life at intermediate temperatures is L.4-2.0 yr. 

Basically, two battery configurations are proposed by Li-ion satellite battery suppliers ... 

Since the 60s, Saft is a world leader in the battery market for satellites, having equipped more than 650 satellites for all mission types. Saft is the only space battery company to have mastered the three main electrochemical systems for satellites Ni-Cd, Ni-H2 and Li-ion. Thanks to the synergies with other Li-ion applications, satellite batteries will take... 

The material must be low cost. The matter of cost is somewhat relative in high-end applications such as satellite batteries, cost is of secondary importance and factors such as high energy or long cycle life take precedence. 

Batteries are being developed for a variety of applications including Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Batteries, Military Communications Batteries, Aircraft and Heart-Assist Pump Batteries. Table 30.5 shows the requirement for the LEO Satellite battery shown in Fig. 30.19. Charge-discharge cycles for a single-cell battery at different points in the cycle life are shown in Fig. 30.20 at 40% depth of discharge. Five thousand cycles have been demonstrated in test cells at 40% DOD while over ten thousand cycles have been obtained at 25% DOD. Batteries are also being developed for the other applications described above. 

PROPULSION AND INDUSTRIAL NICKEL-METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES 30.35 TABLE 30.5 Satellite Battery Requirements... 

Nickel-Hydrogen, Nickel-Iron, and Nickel-Metal Hydride. First developed for communication satellites in the early 1970s, nickel-hydrogen batteries are durable, require low maintenance, and have a long life expectancy. The major disadvantage is the high initial cost. For these batteries to be a viable option for electric vehicles, mass production techniques will have to be developed to reduce the cost. 

Very hard, steel-gray metal. Hardens platinum. The International Prototype Meter in Paris consists of a Pt-Ir alloy. Its hardness and corrosion resistance is exploited in fountain-pen tips, spark plugs in powerful engines (airplanes), and electrical contacts. Used as a material in shells for nuclide batteries in satellites. Responsible for the iridescent properties of vapor-treated sunglasses. 

The only lanthanide of which there is no stable isotope — they all decompose with half-lives between 2.6 and 17.7 years. Strong beta-emitters that are used industrially as thickness gauges. Also suitable as an additive for fluorescent materials. Produced artificially in kg amounts and serves as an energy provider for satellites in radionucleide batteries. Tiny batteries are long-term energy sources for pacemakers. 

M Radionuclide batteries provide high-performance satellites with electricity when solar energy is not enough. 

Silvery, artificial element generated by beta decay from a plutonium isotope (239Pu). Chemically similar to gadolinium. Like Eu and Gd, Am and Cm are difficult to separate. It can be produced in kilogram amounts. The most common isotope is 244Cm with a half-life of 18.1 years. Is used for thermoelectric nuclide batteries in satellites and pacemakers. It is strongly radioactive and hence also suitable for material analysis. 

Satellites - [ALUMINUMAND ALUMINUM ALLOYS] (Vol 2) -batteries for [BATTERIES - SECOND ARYCELLS - ALKALINE] (Vol 3) -hydrazine fuel for [HYDRAZINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES] (Vol 13) -infrared remote sensing from [INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY - INFRAREDTECHNOLOGY] (Vol 14) -synthetic quartz crystals for [SILICA - SYNTHETIC QUARTZ CRYSTALS] (Vol 21) -thermoelectric power supplies for [THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERSION] (Vol 23)... 

Silver-Cadmium Cells. In satellite applications the nonmagnetic property of the silver-cadmium battery is of utmost importance because magnetometers were used on satellites to measure radiation and the effects of... 

Graphite fibers have been incorporated with aluminum, magnesium, lead, and copper foi use in satellite, missile, and helicopter structures storage battery plates, and electrical contacts and bearings. 

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