SARA

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 renewed tlie national commitment to correcting problems arising from previous mismanagement of luizardous wastes. Wliile SARA was similar in many respects to the original law (i.e., CERCLA), it also contained new approaches to the program s operation. The 1986 Superfund legislation  

Reauthorized the program for. 5 more years and increased tlie size of tlie cleanup fund from 1.6 billion to 8.5 billion 

Set specific cleanup goals and standards, and stressed tlie achievement of permanent remedies 

Expanded the involvement of states and citizens in decision making 

Increased the focus on human healtli problems caused by hazardous waste sites 

One of the most prodigious tasks an individual who is responsible for environmental regulations must do is gather data, file it, and in some cases, submit it to the government. These responsibilities were increased with the passage of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) in 1986. 

SARA was proposed as a more stringent response to hazardous waste releases. SARA and CERCLA address hazardous substance releases into the environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites (Noll et ah, 1995, p. 5). 

SARA is broken down into five titles  

Title I and II feature the major changes to sections of CERCLA, while Title V discusses Superfund and its revenues. Under SARA, any company with threshold quantities of extremely hazardous sub- 

If a company exceeds certain thresholds, it will have to submit chemical inventory forms to state and local firefighters. EPA refers to these forms as Tier I and Tier II. Tier I forms are submitted by March 1 each year and Tier II forms are submitted when requested by emergency response officials. 

Expanded the involvement of states and citizens in decision making Provided for new enforcement authorities and responsibilities Increased the focus on human healtli problems caused by hazardous waste sites 

The new law is more specific than tlie original statute witli regard to remedies to be used at Superfund sites, public participation, and accomplislmicnt of cleanup activities. The most important part of SARA with respect to public participation is Title III. wliich addresses the important issues of community awareness and participation in the event of a chemical release. 

Community Right-to-Know Reporting Requirements (Sections 311 and 

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SARA (Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes) analysis is widely practiced on heavy fractions such as vacuum and atmospheric residues and vacuum distillates for two purposes ... 

Nevertheless, within the same work group, once the chromatographic procedures are established, SARA analyses are very often performed to characterize heavy feedstocks or to follow their conversion. 

Fig. XVII-27. Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K for a series of M41S materials. Average pore diameters squares, 25 A triangles, 40 A circles, 45 A. Adsorption solid symbols desorption open symbols. The isotherms are normalized to the volume adsorbed at Pj = 0.9. (From Ref. 187. Reprinted with kind permission from Elsevier Science-NL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, 1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)...

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Tide III requires emergency planning based on threshold planning quantities (TPQ) and release reporting based on RQs in 40 CER part 355 (used for SARA 302, 303, and 304). The TPQ for acrolein is 500 lb (227 kg), and its RQ is 1 lb (0.454 kg). SARA also requires submission of aimual reports of release of toxic chemicals that appear on the Hst in 40 CER 372.65 (for SARA 313). Acrolein appears on that Hst. This information must be included in all MSDSs that are copied and distributed for acrolein. 

There are three types of TAP emissions continuous, intermittent, and accidental. Both routine emissions associated with a batch process or a continuous process that is operated only occasionally can be intermittent sources. A dramatic example of an accidental emission was the release of methyl isocyanate [624-83-9] in Bhopal, India. As a result of this accident, the U.S. Congress created Tide III, a free-standing statute included in the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. Title III provides a mechanism by which the pubHc can be informed of the existence, quantities, and releases of toxic substances, and requires the states to develop plans to respond to accidental releases of these substances. Eurther, it requires anyone releasing specific toxic chemicals above a certain threshold amount to aimuaHy submit a toxic chemical release form to EPA. At present, there are 308 specific chemicals subject to Title III regulation (37). 

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. In response to an EPA mandate in SARA, Ha2ardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) regulations were issued. These address emergency responders, training of those working at Superfund sites, and cleanup operations. 

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments Hst 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that the EPA must regulate to enforce maximum achievable control technology (MACT) to standards which are to be set by the year 2000. The 33/50 project calls for reduction of emissions of 17 specified solvents to predetermined levels by 1995. The SARA statute provides a mechanism by which the community can be informed of the existence, quantities, and releases of toxic chemicals, and requires that anyone releasing specific toxic chemicals above a threshold level to annually submit a toxic chemical release form to the EPA. The status of various ketones under these regulations is shown in Table 4. 

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) controls the disposal of ha2ardous waste. SARA Tide III governs the toxic iaventory and emission reporting the Clean Water Act (CWA) sets the limits for metals that can be present ia water discharge and the Clear Air Act (CAA)... 

The leading manufacturers in the poHsh categories are S. C. Johnson Son, Inc., Reckitt Coleman, Sara Lee, Scotts Liquid Gold, Turtle Wax, and Alberto Culver for furniture poHshes S. C. Johnson Son, Inc, and L F Products for household floor poHshes S. C. Johnson Son, Inc., Pioneer-EcHpse, Spartan Chemical, HiHyard Chemical Co., and Butcher Co. for industrial and institutional floor poHshes Turtle Wax, Armor AH, Eirst Brands, Kit Products of Northern Labs, Meguires, Blue Coral, and Nu-Finish for automotive poHshes and Kiwi for shoe poHshes (68—72). 

All the PMBs are Hsted on the U.S. EPA s Toxic Substances Control Act NonConfidential Chemical Substances Inventory (Table 8). In the early to mid-1980s, pseudocumene, mesitylene, hemimellitene, and trimethylbenzene were coveted by TSCA Section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR) reporting requirements (22) and by TSCA Section 8(d) for health and safety data (23). Mesitylene is the subject of a test rule subacute oral toxicity and subchtonic oral toxicity in tats were underway in 1994 (24). The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) allows monitoring for pseudocumene and mesitylene at the discretion of the State (25). Of the PMBs, only pseudocumene is subject to SARA Tide III section 313 annual release reporting (26). 

Thiophene and 3-methylthiophene are Hsted on the TSCA chemical substances inventory. Thiophene is regulated as a hazardous material under OSHA and also regulated under the Clean Air Act, Section 110, 40 CFR 60.489, but there are no exposure limits or controls set for 3-methylthiophene. Both materials are regulated under sections 311/312 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, 1986 (SARA), as materials with an acute health and fire hazard, and under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as ignitable hazardous wastes (DOOl). 

There are a multitude of governmental requirements for the manufacture and handling of isocyanates. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates testing and risk management for TDl and MDl under Toxic Substance Control Administration (TSCA). Annual reports on emissions of both isocyanates are required by the EPA under SARA 313. 

Biphenyl is defined as a toxic chemical under, and subject to, reporting requirements of Section 313 of Tide 111 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthori2ation Act (SARA) of 1986 and 40 CFR, Part 372 under the name biphenyl. It is identified as a ha2ardous chemical under criteria of the OSHA Ha2ard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). 

All four butanols are registered ia the United States on the Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory, a prerequisite for the manufacture or importation for commercial sale of any chemical substance or mixture ia quantities greater than a 1000 pounds (454 kg). Additionally, the manufacture and distribution of the butanols ia the United States are regulated under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), Section 313, which requires that anyone handling at least 10,000 pounds (4545 kg) a year of a chemical substance report to both the EPA and the state any release of that substance to the environment. 

Sara tide III, section 313, Clean Air Act 1990, threshold limit values, and LD qS ate given in Table 3 for the substances for which data are available. Additional information is continuously being developed to provide guidelines for the safe handling of dye carriers and carrier-active chemicals. 

Superfund Amendments and Reauthori2ation Act (SARA) Plus Tide III X X... 

The United States has the most laws regarding environmental safety and health. The National Environmental PoHcy Act (NEPA) of 1969 has resulted in the following acts Eederal Insecticides, Eungicide and Rodenticide (EIERA), Resource Conservation and Recovery (RCRA), Superfund (CERCLA), Superfund Amendments and Reauthori2ation Act (SARA) Plus Tide III, Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), Clean Water (CWA), Water Quahty, Safe Drinking Water (SDWA), and Waste Minimi2ation and Control. 

CTDMPFUS Complex terrain dispersion model plus algorithms for unstable situations SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act... 

Environmental documentation, including Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), military specification data, permits (e.g., NPDES, POTW, RCRA), SARA Title III reports, waste manifests, and any pending permits or application information... 

Identification of exceptional regulatoiy requirements (SARA .311/ .313 lists status EDA controlled substance list NORM or other radiation issues, chemical-specific registration or license requirements)... 

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