Sampling and characterization

Degueldre, C., Pfeiffer, H. R., Alexander, W., Wernli, B. Bruetsch, R. 1996a. Colloid properties in granitic groundwater systems. I. Sampling and characterization. Applied Geochemistry, 11, 677-695. 

McCarthy, J. F. Degueldre, C. 1993. Sampling and characterization of colloids and particles in groundwater for studying their role in contaminant transport. In Buffle, J. van Leeuwen, H. P. (eds) Environmental Particles, Vol. 2. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 247-315. 

Bitumen traces in ceramic vessels from Neolithic Iran, 137-151 pottery sherds, sampling and characterization, 141-142 Black willow, charred, infrared spectra, 63,64/... 

Recommendation 4-2. The Army should define the quantity and characteristics of anticipated nonprocess waste streams and evaluate options for the final disposition of each type of waste. On-site processes should be developed and demonstrated for treating all agent-contaminated wastes. Methods of representative sampling and characterization of wastes should be developed to verify that treated wastes are free of agent to below appropriate risk thresholds. 

Degueldre, C. (1990) Grimsel Colloid Exercise. An International Intercomparison Exercise on the Sampling and Characterization of Groundwater Colloids. EUR, EN 12660, CEC, Luxembourg. 

Longworth, G., Ross, C.A.M., Degueldre, C. and Ivanovich, M. (1990) Interlaboratory Study of Sampling and Characterization Techniques for Groundwater Colloids The Markham Clinton Exercise. EUR, EN 12843, CEC, Luxembourg. 

Although many factors will affect the data on a given sample, careful consideration of the sample and characterization of the cell prior to analysis should make the technique analytically viable. In order to investigate the precision of the technique, six spectra vere obtained on a 39.82% (v/v) solution of C10PO in a DIT cell at a... 

Sampling and characterization. 10 ml samples, including liquid and solid phases, were withdrawn periodically from the autoclave during the crystallization. The slurries were collected in 70 ml of cold deionized water. The solid fraction was recovered by filtration and washed first with 250 ml of water. The clear solution, containing the diluted mother liquor, was preserved for chemical analysis. After additional washing (up to a pH of 9), the solid was dried at 70°C in air. 

The authors thank Sutcliffe Speakman Carbons for providing the carbon samples and characterizing them using N2 adsorption and mercury porosimetry. This work was supported by the European Conununity through contract No. ENK6-CT-2000-00053.1. E. acknowledges the financial support of FCT/MCT (grant PRAXIS XXI/BD/19832/99). 

Ba92 S. Bandow et ai, Anaerobic Sampling and Characterization of Lanthanofullerenes Extraction of LaCye and other LaC2n> J- Phys. Chem. 96, 9609-9612 (1992). 

Case Study B.5 Preparative HPLC Isolation from a Retained Process Sample and Characterization Using LC/MS and NMR Characterization... 

Case Study B.8 Preparative HPLC Isolation from Retained Process Samples and Characterization by LC/MS and NMR... 

Malcolm, R. L., Wershaw, R. L., Thurman, E. M., Aiken, G. R., Pinckney, D. J., and Kaakinen, J. (1981). Reconnaissance sampling and characterization of aquatic humic substances at the Yuma Desalting Test Facility, Arizona. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest., 81-42. 

Solid-waste sampling and characterization is difficult because solid waste presents in varying quantities, components composition, and physicochemical characteristics. The difficulty is more intensive for municipal solid waste, because these parameters are highly dependent on the site and period of waste generation. 

After sampling and characterization of the waste of all areas, sampling results are expressed on a daily or weekly basis. Sampling must be avoided for two to three days after extreme weather conditions. 

For further study, three samples which did not exhibit pressure decay after compression to 13 dynes/cm were selected. The stability limit for films of these materials was established by incremental compression, holding the monolayer at constant area for up to 15 min as surface pressure was progressively increased. In the second part of Table I, a typical experiment is detailed. By this procedure, these monolayers were each stable to a surface pressure of 16-18 dynes/cm. There was no hysteresis in compression-expansion cycles (at 2-10% of the total film area per minute) as long as this surface pressure was not exceeded. On the other hand, in a continuous compression experiment (at such rates), surface pressures of 27—32 dynes/cm could be developed before obvious evidence of film collapse (e.g., an increase in compressibility, or bending over of the 7r-A curve). Figure 1 shows the ir-A curves for these three samples, and characterization data are given in Table II. 

Are hazards of legacy chemicals (e.g., abandoned, residual chemicals in tanks and pipes with inadequate controls) properly identified and addressed Have their potentially degraded storage conditions been considered Have these chemicals been sampled and characterized Are there adequate controls to prevent and mitigate adverse consequences Are the containers of these chemicals periodically inspected and maintained Are the hazards of these chemicals appropriately and sufficiently addressed in the facility s safety basis ... 

Employees who are exposed to nanoaerosols should have adequate protection against nanoparticle exposure. The best option is exhaust by hood conventional dust masks may not be as effective as expected. At this moment, there is no legal standard that sets the occupational exposure threshold. The development of risk assessment of exposure to nanoaerosol has been limited by the lack of standard methods and compact instrumentation for long-term monitoring. Accurate risk assessment requires advanced nanoaerosol sampling and characterization techniques for the analysis of both physical and chemical properties of nanoaerosol. 

Success of the above scientific research relies on the availability of engineering tools that enable effective sampling and characterization... 

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