Solid fraction

Cake Dryness In dewatering, usually the cake needs to be as diy as possible. Cake diyness is commonly measured by the solids fraction by weight W or by volume ,. The moisture content is measured by the complement of W or ,. The volume fraction of the pores and void in the wet cake is measured by the cake porosity (= 1 — ,) whereas the volume fraction of the liquid in the pores of the cake is measured by the saturation S. For welf-defined solids in the cake with sohd density (bone diy) p, and hquid density Pl, and given that the cake volume... 

Note that W is the solids fraction by weight and is determined indirectly from Eq, (18-86), The moisture weight fraction is 0,081,... 

Here Iq is the thermal conductivity of the system, consisting of the porous solid and the reacting fluid inside the pores. This is the most uncertain value, while everything else is measurable. Two things must be remembered. First, data on thermal conductivity of catalysts are approximate. The solid fraction of the catalyst (1-0) always reduces the possibility for diflhision, while the solid can contribute to the thermal conductivity. Second, the outside temperature difference normal to the surface or Daiv, will become too high, much before the inside gradient can cause a problem. See Hutching and Carberry (19), Carberry (20). 

Pineneozonide and Pineneoxoozonide. A compn corresponding to something between Cj oHj 03 and Cj 0Hj 604 was obtained by Harries Nere-sheuner (Ref 2) on treating right-rotary turpentine with weak ozone. It could be sepd into thick oily (80—90% of the total) and solid fractions. The mixt was insol in common org solvents, and puffed off when heated on a spatula... 

Figure 9. Streamlines (top) and relative gas phase composition of A1 species (bottom) In a vertical axlsymmetrlc reactor at five different times during growth of an AlAs/GaAs superlattice. Red corresponds to all A1 species, violet to no A1 species. The corner Insert portrays the variation In solid fraction of A1 across the Interface. Buoyancy dominated flow.

To prepare unbedded catalyst, polymerization was first carrirf out in a small a tetui glass reactor at room temperature for 1 hr in n-heptane at very low styreaie (xmcentration using Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst with Al/Ti mole ratio of20-200. After the rraiction, a small part of the solid fraction (embedded catalyst) was isolated fi om the liquid phase for the... 

The presence of a gas in the suspension results in an increase of the stirrer speed required to establish the state of complete suspension. The propeller usually requires a higher speed than the turbine. Furthermore, a critical volume gas flow exists above which drastic sedimentation of particles occurs. Hence, homogenisation of the suspension requires an increase of the rotational speed and/or a decrease of the gas flow rate. The hydrodynamics of suspensions with a solid fraction exceeding 0.25-0.3 becomes very complex because such suspensions behave like non-Newtonian liquids. This produces problems in the scale-up of operations. Hydrodynamics, gas hold-up, mass-transfer coefficients, etc. have been widely studied and many correlations can be found in literature (see e.g. Shah, 1991). 

Fig. 12 Tensile strength of calcium sulfate tablets as a function of magnesium stearate concentration (solid fraction = 0.57). (From Ref. 29.)...

J, Ratio of voids to solid fractions 5 Mean effective surface area per... 

For example, if the entering solids fraction tp is 0.4, the corresponding values of the local solids fraction relative slip velocities (Vr) of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 are 0.403, 0.424, and 0.525, respectively. There are many theoretical expressions for slip, but practical applications depend on experimental observations and correlations (which will be presented later). In gas-liquid or gas-solid flows, (pm will vary along the pipe, because the gas expands as the pressure drops and speeds up as it expands, which tends to increase the slip, which in turn increases the holdup of the denser phase. 

Differential pressure measurements were made between several vertical elevations within the bed. The probability density function of the cold model and combustor gave very close agreement (Fig. 35). The solid fraction profiles were obtained from the vertical pressure profile with a hydrostatic assumption. The cold model solid fraction profile showed very close agreement with data taken from pressure taps in two different locations within the combustor (Fig. 36). The solid fraction shows a... 

Figure 36. Solid fraction profile comparisons for Tidd PFBC and cold model based on simplified scaling laws. (From Glicksman and Farrell, 1995.)...

Figure 37. Bubbling bed solid fraction profile for u0/um = 1.2 for two different solid-to-gas density ratios.

Figure 49. Solid fraction profiles, glass/plastic viscous limit scaling density ratio mismatched, low velocity case. (From Glicksman et at., 1993a.)...

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