Saline solution preparation

From this material, samples are cut and swelled to constant weight in a buffered saline solution prepared from 8.43 g sodium chloride (NaCl), 9.26 g boric acid (H3BO3), 1.0 g sodium borate (Na3B03), and 0.1 g of the disodium salt of the dihydrate of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [Na2 EDTA -(/ 0)21 ini L of distilled water. 

Polymer solutions were prepared by dispersing the polymer powder in a saline solution prepared with distilled deionized water. Following complete dispersion in the vortex of the fluid the samples were agitated under mild conditions (< 100 RPM) until the solution was homogeneous. For some solutions the dissolution was so rapid that the agitation step could be eliminated. The polymer viscosities were then measured using a Ubbelohde viscometer. The pH of the polymer solutions was adjusted using dilute acetic acid and sodium hydroxide. Some polymers were supplied as liquids and were subsequently diluted with distilled deionized water to the appropriate concentration. 

PROBLEM 11.3 What is the mass percent concentration of a saline solution prepared by dissolving 1.00 mol of NaCl in 1.00 L of water ... 

In contrast, parenteral suspensions have relatively low solids contents, usually between 0.5 and 5%, with the exception of insoluble forms of penicillin in which concentrations of the antibiotic may exceed 30%. These sterile preparations are designed for intramuscular, intradermal, intralesional, intraarticular, or subcutaneous injection. Syringeability is an important factor to be taken into consideration with injectable dosage forms. The viscosity of a parenteral suspension should be sufficiently low to facilitate injection. Common suspending vehicles include preserved isotonic saline solution or a parenterally acceptable vegetable oil. Ophthalmic and optic suspensions that are instilled into the eye/ear must also be prepared in a sterile manner. The vehicles are essentially isotonic and aqueous in composition. The reader should refer to Chapter 12 for further discussion on parenteral products. 

Concerning drug delivery, electrically erodible polymer gels for controlled release of drugs have been prepared, and a measured release rate of insulin has been observed under electrical stimulus [69]. A suspension of zinc insulin in a mixed solution of poly(ethyloxazoline) and PMAA was formed into a gel by decreasing the pH of the suspension. The obtained complex gel with 0.5 wt% of insulin was attached to a woven platinum wire cathode which was 1 cm away from the anode and immersed in 0.9% saline solution. When a stepped function of electrical current of 5 mA was applied to the insulin-loaded gel matrix, insulin was released in a stepwise manner up to a release of 70%. The insulin rate measured was 0.10 mg/h. 

Procedure of pollen preparation Pollen can be washed off stigmas with an acetone solution as water or other polar solutions often fail to sufficiently break electrostatic bonds holding heterospecific pollen to stigma. However, this means the acetone must be evaporated in an air drying oven (48 h) because a Coulter Counter requires a saline solution of standard volume (usually 10-20 ml) be used to prepare pollen samples. If the solutions are mixed and the volumes are inconsistent, there is a risk that differences in conductivity will create errors. 

In adsorption studies from saline environments it is necessary to prepare the water-soluble polymer and peptized montmorillonite in fresh water at high concentrations and to add each to a saline solution. Polyelectrolytes will frequently not "yield" the same viscosity as when they are dissolved in fresh water. Montmorillonite will flocculate in saline solutions. With fresh water mixing of components, reproducible results are obtained in the saline studies. After component mixing, agitation of the slurry is maintained with gentle stirring via... 

Proteins have been studied for a long time. Beccari published an account of his experiments to isolate gluten in 1747 In 1805 Einhof discovered that a fraction of wheat gluten was soluble, while in 1858 Denis showed that many proteins of both plant and animal origin were soluble in saline solutions. In 1859 Ritthausen started to prepare highly purified proteins, only to be criticised by Weyl for using alkali to extract the proteins. Weyl in his work used the Denis method of extraction with neutral salts. 

A physician prescribes an ophthalmic suspension to contain 100 mg of cortisone acetate in 8 mL of normal saline solution (NSS). The pharmacist has a 2.5% suspension of cortisone acetate in NSS. How many milliliters of this and how many milliliters of NSS should be used in preparing the medication order ... 

In order to make isotonic solution, 0.6 g of procaine hydrochloride is dissolved in purified water to make 14 mL of an isotonic solution, and the preparation is adjusted to a volume of 60 mL by adding isotonic vehicle such as NSS (normal saline solution). 

The cholinesterase-inhibiting activity of the phosphorofluoridates was compared quantitatively with that of eserine sulphate thus. To 0-2 ml. of heparinized human plasma was added 05 ml. of a solution containing either eserine or the phosphorofluoridate in varying concentrations then the mixture was kept at room temperature for 10 min. before 1 /tg. of acetylcholine in 1 c.c. saline solution was added. After 5 min. at room temperature, the mixture was made up to 10 ml. with frog saline containing eserine 1/100,000, which at once stopped the action of any cholinesterase not yet inactivated. The solution was then assayed for acetylcholine on the frog rectus-muscle preparation. 

Q6 A pharmacist prepares a saline solution by adding 1 g of sodium chloride in 100 ml water. What is the percentage of sodium chloride present ... 

Examples of NAPL droplet formation in water are described by Yaron-Marcovich et al. (2007). Solutions of benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, and a mixture of them were prepared in excess in freshwater and saltwater, then solution stability was examined. High organic concentrations were found to remain stable in both freshwater and saltwater. In saltwater, for example, toluene and xylene concentrations remained as high as 14 and 26 times their theoretical solubilities, respectively, over a period of six days, while in freshwater, their concentrations remained 8 and 30 times their solubilities over the same period. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of stable organic droplets. An image of organic droplets in saline solution captured by optical microscope is presented in Fig. 8.25. 

TJX Addition Expen ments. In these experiments the guinea pig ileum was prepared as previously described except that TTX at a concentration of. 04 ng/ml was included in the saline solution. 

Figure 3. Contractile response of guinea pig ileum preparation as a function of the log of the histamine concentration and the concentration of the toxin in the saline solution.

A sample preparation step aimed at isolating and concentrating the analytes from the matrix is often needed prior to HPLC. Solid samples are usually homogenized with a suitable solvent. Water, acid solutions, saline solutions, or buffers are usually used for peptide extraction from food, but hydro-phobic peptides may require mixtures of chloroform or methylene chloride and methanol. 

For plasminogen-deficient fibrinogen from blood plasma, the anticoagulated blood was centrifuged and the plasma was frozen and washed with saline solution. Treated with charcoal and freeze-thawed. Dialysed versus Tris/NaCl buffer. [Maxwell and Nikel Biochemical Preparations 12 16 1968]. 

A pharmaceutical house wishes to prepare a nonirritating nose-drop preparation. To do this, it will put the active agent in a "normal saline" solution, which is merely 0.90% NaCl by weight. What quantities of material will be needed if it is desired to make 3000 gal of nose-drop solution that is normal saline and contains 0.10% active agent (The density of 0.90% NaCl solution is 1.005 g/ml.)... 

Proteomics in parasitic flatworms can be completed on intracellular fractions (e.g. microsomal or cytosol) or at the host-interface on excretory-secretory (ES) products. ES analysis can be completed during in vitro culture or in vivo by, for example, bile or gut content analysis. In all cases, a rapid and careful preparation is vital to prevent altered pro-teomic profiles due to stress responses (upreg-ulation of heat shock proteins) and action of proteases. Parasitic flatworms are best extracted from fresh host material, washed with a buffered saline solution at approximately the host s body temperature. In F. hepatica, for example, this will allow regurgitation of gut contents to remove digested material from, and removal of host material adherent to the outer surfaces of the parasite (Jefferies et al., 2001), both of which can subsequently complicate separation and identification. 

Measurement. The measurement apparatus for the in vitro test of this sensor is shown in Figure 4. The sensor was dipped into the flask containing 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline solution, pH 7.4, and the output was measured with respect to stepwise changed glucose concentrations of 0 to 2000 mg/dl under the oxygen tensions of 5 to 21%, which prepared by mixing air and N2 gas. 

Radiolabeling of Brain Glycolipids. Thy-1 glycolipid was labeled biosynthetically using a previously described method (7). Five to seven day mice of either AKR/J (H-2, Thy-1.1) or ICR Swiss (Thy-1.2) strain mice were used for each preparation. Each mouse pup was injected intracranially with 8 pi of sterile saline solution containing 5 pci [1- 4C]-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) (54.5 mCi/mmol, New England Nuclear, Boston MA). This solution was injected into both sides of the head at a point 1-2 mm anter-... 

The water was doubly distilled and deionized before use. Granite groundwater (G.G.W.) and standard Canadian Shield saline solutions (SCSSS) were prepared according to the method of Vandergraaf (3). 

Which is more important confidence limits for the mean or confidence limits for the distribution It depends on the application. The vendor of the standardized solutions above should report confidence limits for the distribution to its customers, who will use one bottle at a time (for example, in preparing a saline solution to be injected into a patient). In other cases, however, the error is in the measurement process itself. We believe that all electrons have the same mass, but 1000 measurements of electron mass will likely all give slightly different answers. Then we want to know confidence limits for the mean. In addition, 95% confidence limits for the mean are used by pollsters to predict the results of an election. The fact that individual preferences vary is not interesting what is interesting is whether, on average, more than 50% of the voters prefer one specific candidate. 

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