In vitro culture

Moy LS, Howe K, Moy RL (1996) Glycolic acid modulation of collagen production in human skin fibroblast cultures in vitro. Dermatol Surg 22(5) 439-441... 

Shearn A, Davis KT, Hersperger E 1978 Transdetermination of Drosophila imaginal discs cultured in vitro. Dev Biol 65 536-540... 

Other sorts of NO inhibitors are triterpenes, such as ursolic acid and 2-a-hydroxy ursolic acid and 2-a-hydroxy ursolic acid from Prunella vulgaris L., inhibit the production of NO by murine leukaemic monocyte macrophage cells, RAW 264.7, cultured in vitro. The IC50 values were 17 xM for ursolic acid and 27 jxM for 2-a-hydroxy ursolic (51). 

The potential properties of A. suaveolens Bl. has a source of topoisomerase II inhibitor is open for exploration. The plant probably elaborates aporphine alkaloids because aporphines are known to occur in the genus Artabotrys (2,3), Liriodenine and athero-spermidine from Artabotrys undnatus and artabotrine from Artabotrys zeylanicus abrogated the survival of cancer cells cultured in vitro (4). 

Seco-3,4-taraxerone and seco-3,4-friedelin 2 abrogated the survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) and human epidermoid carcinoma (A-431) cell lines cultured in vitro with IC50 values of 11.7 and 38.2 mM, and inhibited the enzymatic activity of topoisomerase at dose of 7 pM (35). 

Royleanone, horminone, and acetyl horminone isolated from the roots of Salvia officinalis L. abrogated the survival of colon carcinoma cell Caco-2 and human hepatoma cell HepG2, cultured in vitro with induction of DNA breaks (48). 

Tanshinones isolated from the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge abrogated the survival of P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells cultured in vitro. Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA showed 86.76 and 56.05% cell inhibition, respectively, at a dose of 25 pig/mL) (54). Dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone were relatively cytotoxic (55). Dihydrotan-shinone I induces cell growth anest during the S phase and, subsequently, apoptosis. 

Slamenova D, Masterova I, Labaj J, et al. Cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of diterpenoid quinones from the roots of Salvia officinalis L. on colonic and hepatic human cells cultured in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004 94 282-290. 

The in vitro approach entails initial removal of the target cells from the body. These are then cultured in vitro and incubated with vector containing the nucleic acid to be delivered. The genetically altered cells are then reintroduced into the patient s body. This approach represents the most commonly adopted protocol to date. In order to be successful, however, the target cells must be relatively easy to remove from the body, and reintroduce into the body. Such in vitro approaches have successfully been undertaken utilizing various body cell types, including blood cells, stem cells, epithelial cells, muscle cells and hepatocytes. 

Pulmonary macrophages cultured in vitro for 20 h with media containing 14.5-58.0 mg Ni/kg as nickel chloride Concentration-dependent decrease in viability of alveolar macrophages highest dose had survival of <50%. Death associated with release of superoxide anions 11... 

Because T. pallidum is difficult to culture in vitro, diagnosis is based primarily on dark-held or direct fluorescent antibody microscopic examination of serous material from a suspected syphilitic lesion or on results from serologic testing. 

Perocco P, Bolognesi S, Alberghini W. 1983. Toxic activity of seventeen industrial solvents and halogenated compounds on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Toxicol Lett 16 69-75. 

Perocco P, Prodi G. 1981. DNA damage by haloalkanes in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Cancer Lett 13 213-218. 

Keywords stem cell expansion stem cell culture in vitro diffusion chambers... 

Thorpe TA, Maier VP, Hasegawa S (1971) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in citrus fruit tissue cultured in vitro. Phytochemistry 10 711-718... 

Instituto di Ricerche Biomediche. 1987. Study of the capacity of the test article para-dichlorobenzene to induce chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Experiment No. 1031. 

New developments in cell-culture in-vitro assay tests for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are presented by William G. Thilly in Chapter 2. It is expected that the cell-culture methodology will represent another important technique for the rapid biological assay of carcinogenicity and toxicity. 

---