Blood anticoagulants

ALCOHOLS,HIGHERALIPHATIC - SURVEY AND NATURALALCOHOLSMANUFACTURE] (Vol 4) -as blood anticoagulant pLOOD, COAGULANTS AND ANTICOAGULANTS] (Vol 4)... 

Hydroxycoumarin [1076-38-6] can be synthesized by cyclization of acetyl methyl salicylate. It is a coumatin metaboHte occurring in spoiled hay. Derivatives of 4-hydroxycoumarin such as dicoumarol [66-76-2] warfarin [81-81-2] cyclocoumarol [518-20-7] ethylbis—coumaracetate [548-00-5] and bis-4-hydroxycoumarin [25892-93-7] are synthetic blood anticoagulants (see Blood, coagulants and anticoagulants). 

The mammalian blood anticoagulant heparin is also a carbohydrate polymer in which amino sugars (glucosamine) alternate with uronic acid residues (see... 

Chitosan is produced from the deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan is employed in the food industry. It is a hemostatic from which blood anticoagulants and antithrombogenic have been formed. It is often sold as a body fat-reducing agent or to be taken along with food to encapsulate fat particles. 

The class of 2-amino-4H-pyrans has been known for several decades. The first representatives 1 and 2 are from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. Spiro-conjugated pyranopyrazole 1 was obtained in studies on pyrazolone dyestuffs (56ACS587), while pyranopyranone 2 served as a precursor for the blood anticoagulant warfarin (62JOC3086). 

The oleosin fusion procedure was used for the purification of the commercially valuable plant-based blood anticoagulant hirudin in transgenic Brassica carinata and Brassica napus. Hirudin, a natural protein from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis, is superior to other anticoagulants such as heparin. Recombinant hirudin was cleaved from oil-bodies using endoproteinase Factor Xa. Released hirudin was biologically active, as determined by a colorimetric thrombin inhibition assay. 

By gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200, with an eluant consisting of 0.15 M sodium chloride mixed with 0.12 M sodium phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.4 (9 1, v/v), heparin of porcine mucosal origin has been shown to be highly polymolecular.127 No increase in blood anticoagulant activity with increasing molecular size, indicated by the results of an earlier study,128 was observed when the activity of fractions selected from different parts of the elution curve was determined. The anticoagulant potency of the sample studied was,... 

Blood anticoagulant Warfarin. Employed primarily as a rodenticide. Synthetic analogue of dicoumarol, present in spoiled wheat clover 1... 

While glutamate residues in peptides of appropriate sequence are carboxylated by the vitamin K-depen-dent system, aspartate peptides scarcely react.503 Beta-carboxyaspartate is present in protein C of the blood anticoagulant system (Fig. 12-17)521 and in various other proteins containing EGF homology domains (Table 7-3),522 but the mechanism of its formation is unknown. 

A structural application of 13C nmr, which shows its power in an area where H nmr is indecisive, is shown in Figure 9-48. Here, we see the high-field 13C resonances of a substance known variously as Coumadin, or the sodium salt of warfarin, 14, which is used widely as a blood anticoagulant in the treatment of diseases such as phlebitis. It also has substantial utility as a rat poison because of its anticoagulant action. 

Heparin is a very important and complex polysaccharide derivative that occurs in intestinal walls and has a major use as a blood anticoagulant, especially in connection with artificial kidney therapy. Heparin also has shown great... 

Other surface modification reactions that are relevant to biological studies include the binding of the blood anticoagulent, heparin,189 and of dopamine190 to polyphosp-hazene surfaces. The heparin immobilization brought about a five-fold increase in the coagulation time of blood, and the immobilized dopamine generated the same response in rat pituitary cells as did free dopamine. 

D. Horton and E. K. Just, Preparation from chitin of (1 - 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-/ -D-glucopyranuronan and its 2-sulfoamino analog having blood-anticoagulant properties, Carbohydr. Res., 29 (1973) 173-179. 

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