Normal saline solution

LOS Length of stay NS Normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride... 

Albumin 5% and 25% concentrations are available. It takes approximately three to four times as much lactated Ringer s or normal saline solution to yield the same volume expansion as 5% albumin solution. However, albumin is much more costly than crystalloid solutions. The 5% albumin solution is relatively iso-oncotic, whereas 25% albumin is hyperoncotic and tends to pull fluid into the compartment containing the albumin molecules. In general, 5% albumin is used for hypovolemic states. The 25% solution should not be used for acute circulatory insufficiency unless diluted with other fluids or unless it is being used in patients with excess total body water but intravascular depletion, as a means of pulling fluid into the intravascular space. 

Fluid replacement often is required and can be accomplished with IV dextrose 5% in normal saline solution at a rate to support blood pressure. 

A physician prescribes an ophthalmic suspension to contain 100 mg of cortisone acetate in 8 mL of normal saline solution (NSS). The pharmacist has a 2.5% suspension of cortisone acetate in NSS. How many milliliters of this and how many milliliters of NSS should be used in preparing the medication order ... 

In order to make isotonic solution, 0.6 g of procaine hydrochloride is dissolved in purified water to make 14 mL of an isotonic solution, and the preparation is adjusted to a volume of 60 mL by adding isotonic vehicle such as NSS (normal saline solution). 

Certain medications including penicillins and other antibiotics are unstable when stored in solution form and are therefore packaged in powder form. The dry powders must be reconstituted with a sterile diluent such as sterile water for injection or sterile sodium chloride (normal saline) solution. Instructions supplied with the vial state the volume of diluent which should be added. The resulting volume of the reconstituted drug and the approximate average concentration per milliliter are provided in the label or the package information sheet (package insert). 

Calculate the number of units per milliliter if a 4 mL vial of heparin containing 10,000 units/mL is injected into 1000 mL of normal saline solution. 

A physician orders 1.75 g of an antibiotic to be placed in 1000 mL of normal saline solution (NSS). Using a reconstituted injection which contains 250 mg of the antibiotic per 1 mL, how many mL should be added to the NSS in filling the medication order ... 

NS normal saline NSAID nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug NSCLC non small cell lung cancer NSS normal saline solution NYHA New York Heart Association OAB overactive bladder OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder OCP oral contraceptive pill (birth control pills)... 

A set of three hairless mice about 6-8 weeks old were sacrificed for each experiment by snapping the spinal cord at the neck. The circular section of the abdominal portion of the skin was excised, sufficient to fit in the diffusion apparatus. The adhering fat and visceral debris were carefully removed from each sample of the skin and soaked in normal saline solution just prior to their use in the diffusion studies. 

The ulcer is evidently visible when there are some epithelial cells left these cells will form the edge of the ulcer. In case of a complete ulcer (necrosis of the epithelial cells), it could be difficult for a neophyte to spot it. The image is the same as the one of a comeal surface looking evenly green, like when there is no ulcer however, this image remains even after a wash with a normal saline solution. 

A pharmaceutical house wishes to prepare a nonirritating nose-drop preparation. To do this, it will put the active agent in a "normal saline" solution, which is merely 0.90% NaCl by weight. What quantities of material will be needed if it is desired to make 3000 gal of nose-drop solution that is normal saline and contains 0.10% active agent (The density of 0.90% NaCl solution is 1.005 g/ml.)... 

Even though many of us are familiar with the term fluid, we probably don t know the true scientific definition. You may think that a fluid is a liquid like a normal saline solution. While this is true, a fluid does not have to be a liquid. In the scientific usage of the word, a fluid is any material that has the ability to flow. Thus both liquids and gases are considered fluids. Basic forces, like those that result from gravity or pressure differences, cause fluids to flow. When fluids are placed in a container, they assume the shape of the container, unlike solids that keep their shape. 

If one wants to prepare this solution using a normal saline solution (NSS) (0.9% NaCl), the volume of 10.7 mL NSS can be calculated as follows ... 

The osmolality of tears is of prime importance, since optical integrity of the cornea is significantly influenced by the tonicity of the tears. The normal osmolality of tears varies from 290 to 310 mOsmkg-1, which is almost equivalent to that of normal saline solution. Variations in osmotic pressure between 100-640 mOsmkg 1 appear to be well tolerated by the eye beyond these values irritation takes place, eliciting reflex tears and reflex blinking. 

In analytical chemistry a solution which contains 1 Eq dm is referred to as a normal solution. Unfortunately the term normal is also used to mean physiologically normal with reference to saline solution. In this usage, a physiologically normal saline solution contains 0.9 g NaCl in 100 cm aqueous solution and not 1 equivalent (58.44 g) per litre. 

Table 10.8 Loss of drugs from normal saline solutions in poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) bags stored at 22°C for 8 h" ...

In cases of eye exposure, eyes should be washed with running water continuously for 15 min and then irrigated for 30-60 min with normal saline solution. Neutralizing agents should not be used. 

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