Procaine-hydrochloride

Specific Local Anesthetic Agents. Clinically used local anesthetics and the methods of appHcation are summarized in Table 5. Procaine hydrochloride [51-05-8] (Novocain), introduced in 1905, is a relatively weak anesthetic having along onset and short duration of action. Its primary use is in infiltration anesthesia and differential spinal blocks. The low potency and low systemic toxicity result from rapid hydrolysis. The 4-arninobenzoic acid... 

The effect of pH is rarely of use for pK measurement it is more often of use in identifying the site of protonation/deprotonation when several basic or acidic sites are present. Knowing the incremental substitutent effects Z of amino and ammonium groups on benzene ring shifts in aniline and in the anilinium ion (40), one can decide which of the nitrogen atoms is protonated in procaine hydrochloride (problem 24). 

Novocain (Winthrop) wfm Procaine Hydrochloride (Abbott) wfm Procaine Hydrochloride (Elkins-Sinn) wfm... 

FIG. 16 Chemical structures of (a) procaine hydrochloride, (b) lidocaine hydrochloride, (c) tetracaine hydrochloride, and (d) dibucaine hydrochloride. 

FIG. 1 Molecular structures of the drugs examined in the delivery study the general anesthetics, alkanols (I), halothane (II), enflurane (III), isoflurane (IV), halogenated cyclobutane (V) the local anesthetics, dibucaine hydrochloride (VI), procaine hydrochloride (VII), tetracaine hydrochloride (VIII), lidocaine hydrochloride (IX), benzyl alcohol (X) the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (XI), and alkylbenzenes, benzene (XII), toluene (XIII), ethylbenzene (XIV), and propylbenzene (XV). 

Higuchi and Lachman [122] pioneered the approach of improving drug stability by complexation. They showed that aromatic esters can be stabilized in aqueous solutions in the presence of xanthines such as caffeine. Thus, the half-lives of benzocaine, procaine hydrochloride, and tetracaine are increased by approximately two- to fivefold in the presence of 2.5% caffeine. This increase in stability is attributed to the formation of a less reactive complex between caffeine and the aromatic ester. Professor K. A. Connors has written a comprehensive textbook that describes methods for the measurement of binding constants for complex formation in solution—along with discussions of pertinent thermodynamics, modeling statistics,... 

In order to make isotonic solution, 0.6 g of procaine hydrochloride is dissolved in purified water to make 14 mL of an isotonic solution, and the preparation is adjusted to a volume of 60 mL by adding isotonic vehicle such as NSS (normal saline solution). 

In general, aromatic primary amino moiety (i.e., Ar-NH2), as present in a host of sulphadrugs viz., succinyl sulphathiazole, sulphamethoxazole, sulphaphenazole and other potent pharmaceutical substances, for instance sodium or calcium aminosalicylate, isocarboxazid, primaquine phosphate, procainamide hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride and dapsone react with sodium nitrite in an acidic medium to yield the corresponding diazonium salts as expressed below ... 

Procaine hydrochloride can be assayed exactly in a similar manner by using 0.4 g of the substance. Each ml of 0.1 M sodium nitrite Vs is equivalent to 27.28 mg of C13H20N2O2, HC1. 

Procaine hydrochloride [51-05-8]- 2943B I(2)303D, N(2)349D DG2275000, USP... 

Anesthetics fall into two broad classes local and general. They behave as then-names imply. Local anesthetics prevent pain locally. A dentist may give you a shot of procaine hydrochloride, Novocain, or other local anesthetic, to prevent the pain of hlling or extracting a tooth. But if you stub your toe getting out of the dentist s chair, your toe is going to hurt. Local anesthetics may help to alleviate the pain of sunburn but they will not help with that of a concomitant headache. 

Admixture incompatibilities - Magnesium sulfate in solution may result in a precipitate formation when mixed with solutions containing Alcohol (in high concentrations) alkali carbonates and bicarbonates alkali hydroxides arsenates barium calcium clindamycin phosphate heavy metals hydrocortisone sodium succinate phosphates polymyxin B sulfate procaine hydrochloride salicylates strontium tartrates. 

Procaine hydrochloride Novocain) is readily hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase, although hepatic metabolism also occurs. It is not effective topically but is employed for infiltration, nerve block, and spinal anesthesia. It has a relatively slow onset and short (1 hour) duration of action. All concentrations can be combined with epinephrine. It is available in dental cartridges with phenylephrine as the vasoconstrictor. 

Procaine hydrochloride Six-sided plates, monoclinic or triclinic habit, benumbing taste... 

Procaine forms poorly soluble salts or conjugates with some drugs [12], and was reported to be a strong prostaglandin antagonist and a weak agonist [13]. It is used in the treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia [14-17]. Procaine hydrochloride was also used by intravenous injection for the relief of pain in acute pancreatitis [18-21],... 

The DSC thermogram of procaine hydrochloride was obtained using a DuPont model TA 9900 computer / thermal analyzer system. The analysis was carried out between 60 and 240"C, and the resulting thermogram is found in Figure 2. The compound was found to exhibit a clear and well-defined melting endotherm, whose temperature inflection was observed at 159<>C. 

Since procaine hydrochloride melts without decomposition, the DSC method can be used to establish the absolute purity of the material. The DSC purity of the tested sample was found to be 100.14 mole%, and the enthalpy of fusion for this sample was determined to be 31.5 kJ/mole (7.52 Kcal/mole). 

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