Sales proposals

A sales plan, diligently prepared by sales, is generally needed for material planning and controlling the performance process in series production. This sales plan focuses on the products that sales proposes to sell in the future. 

In the late 1980s attempts were made in California to shift fuel use to methanol in order to capture the air quaHty benefits of the reduced photochemical reactivity of the emissions from methanol-fueled vehicles. Proposed legislation would mandate that some fraction of the sales of each vehicle manufacturer be capable of using methanol, and that fuel suppHers ensure that methanol was used in these vehicles. The legislation became a study of the California Advisory Board on Air QuaHty and Fuels. The report of the study recommended a broader approach to fuel quaHty and fuel choice that would define environmental objectives and allow the marketplace to determine which vehicle and fuel technologies were adequate to meet environmental objectives at lowest cost and maximum value to consumers. The report directed the California ARB to develop a regulatory approach that would preserve environmental objectives by using emissions standards that reflected the best potential of the cleanest fuels. 

Hydroperoxide Process. The hydroperoxide process to propylene oxide involves the basic steps of oxidation of an organic to its hydroperoxide, epoxidation of propylene with the hydroperoxide, purification of the propylene oxide, and conversion of the coproduct alcohol to a useful product for sale. Incorporated into the process are various purification, concentration, and recycle methods to maximize product yields and minimize operating expenses. Commercially, two processes are used. The coproducts are / fZ-butanol, which is converted to methyl tert-huty ether [1634-04-4] (MTBE), and 1-phenyl ethanol, converted to styrene [100-42-5]. The coproducts are produced in a weight ratio of 3—4 1 / fZ-butanol/propylene oxide and 2.4 1 styrene/propylene oxide, respectively. These processes use isobutane (see Hydrocarbons) and ethylbenzene (qv), respectively, to produce the hydroperoxide. Other processes have been proposed based on cyclohexane where aniline is the final coproduct, or on cumene (qv) where a-methyl styrene is the final coproduct. 

The overall objective of research under way as of ca 1997 is to develop a system of sale by description for fine and medium wools whereby the buyer is presented only with measured data on the principal characteristics of the raw wool, as well as an assessment of the less important characteristics by an independent skilled appraiser (8). A scheme for assessing the risk of the presence of colored fiber content in greasy wool has been proposed which depends on production parameters and on the age and sex of the sheep (5). Instmmentation and computer algorithms for the measurement of style and handle... 

In England, the Magna Carta provided a standard of measurement for the sale of ale and wine. In 1643, the English Parliament proposed the first tax on distilled spirits. In the American colonies, William Kieft, Director General of New Nethedand, imposed the first liquor tax of two guilders on each half vat of beer in 1640. Alexander Hamilton initiated an excise tax on domestic spirits in 1791. The tax was resented and ultimately repealed in 1800 by Thomas Jefferson. Except during the War of 1812, domestic spirits remained untaxed until 1862. At that time, a tax of 0.02/L was implemented, which has been increased periodically. In January 1991, the Pederal Excise Tax on distilled spirits was raised to 3.56 per titer or 13.50 per proof gallon. In addition, many states have substantially increased the state excise taxes on distilled spirits. 

For a new produc4, the ratio of manufacturing expense to sales price Ch e/cs should be compared with the ratio of total manufacturing cost or expense to sales revenue for the company as a whole. If the ratio Ch e/cs is less than or equal to the ratio for the company, then the proposed sales price appears to be reasonable and the product is probably commerci ly viable. This comparison is, of course, used only as an approximate guide in preliminary assessments. 

Significant capital expenditure usually represents a substantial commitment of the resources of a business, both financially and in terms of man-hours. It is therefore incumbent upon management to ensure that proposals for such outlays receive proper and full consideration of all the relevant implications before implementation. Once policies as to levels of authorization and commitment are laid down, there should follow the formal appraisal of the financial effects of the proposal. These can be formulated only after detailed discussion with the appropriate departments as to all the physical, technical and environmental factors involved in making the final decision. There will also be brought into consideration, where pertinent, the marketing and sales effects. 

Official UN policy states that whenever an employee is dismissed on health grounds they have to propose a disability pension, but they did not do this for me. When I applied for disability benefit and compensation, the secretary general who fired me on health grounds claimed that I was not ill. To this day I am waiting for compensation. For five years I have been living on the proceeds from the sale of my flat, which have lasted longer than I anticipated. I expect I will run out of money sometime in the next year. 

Commodity-related models focus on demand volatility and uncertainty in volumes and prices as with sales quantity flexibility. Several authors proposed models to handle demand uncertainty in general focusing on quantities (Cheng et al. 2003 Gupta/Maranas 2003 Cheng et al. 2004 Chen/Lee 2004). Uncertainty is reflected by demand quantity scenarios and/or probabilities. Proposed models maximize expected or robust profit. Process industry-specific models use simulation to address demand uncertainty and to determine optimal inventory levels (Jung et al. 2004). 

In the considered value chain planning problem, the uncertainty of spot sales prices impacts the profitability of the overall value chain plan, since volume decisions can lead to profit-suboptimal plans, if the average sales price cannot be realized as planned. Therefore, price volatility is considered as an external (stochastic) influence in the considered value chain planning problem. The following model extensions account for this uncertainty and try to derive methods to achieve more robust plans with respect to profit results with contributions from Habla (2006). The objective of the proposed modeling approach is to maximize profit for the entire value chain network. It is assumed that the company behaves risk-averse in face of the price uncertainty. 

The objective of the proposed modeling approach is to maximize profit for the entire value chain network. Two optimization strategies can be applied incorporating spot sales price scenarios to reflect price uncertainty ... 

An industrial grade, skid-mounted unit (see Fig. 11.2) has been operating successfully at Occidental Chemical s Delaware City mercury cell plant since September 1997. Operating results have met both the expectations of the client and Kvaerner. This chapter discusses the operating experience at OxyChem and the resulting optimised commercial product, the Kvaerner Chemetics Sulphate Removal System or SRS . The acceptance in the market-place has been excellent four systems have been ordered and three are in the process of manufacture, with operations commencing later in 2000. Approximately 50 firm price proposals have been issued in the past two years. Several of these evaluations are in the final stages and will lead to the sale of units in the near future. 

In 1995 the Clinton Administration proposed placing the federally-owned Elk Hills Naval Petroleum Reserve on the market as part of its efforts to reduce the size of government and return inherently non-fed-eral functions to the private sector. In 1996, the Congress passed and the President signed the Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 containing authorization to proceed with the sale. In 1998 the Department of Energy sold Elk Hills to Occidental Petroleum for 3.65 Billion. 

Food and Drug Administration (1995) Regulations restricting the sale and distribution of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products to protect children and adolescents proposed rule analysis regarding FDA s jurisdiction over nicotine-containing cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products notice. Fed Reg 60 41314 1792... 

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