Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson, Jane Randolph (mother), xiii Jefferson, Martha (wife), xvii, 7 Jefferson, Peter (father), xiii-xiv Jefferson, Thomas [entries refer to editors introduction only] early life and education, xiii-xiv legal studies, xiv... 

In England, the Magna Carta provided a standard of measurement for the sale of ale and wine. In 1643, the English Parliament proposed the first tax on distilled spirits. In the American colonies, William Kieft, Director General of New Nethedand, imposed the first liquor tax of two guilders on each half vat of beer in 1640. Alexander Hamilton initiated an excise tax on domestic spirits in 1791. The tax was resented and ultimately repealed in 1800 by Thomas Jefferson. Except during the War of 1812, domestic spirits remained untaxed until 1862. At that time, a tax of 0.02/L was implemented, which has been increased periodically. In January 1991, the Pederal Excise Tax on distilled spirits was raised to 3.56 per titer or 13.50 per proof gallon. In addition, many states have substantially increased the state excise taxes on distilled spirits. 

Historians have wondered for many years whether Thomas Jefferson fathered a child by Sally Hennings. DNAfingerprinting evidence obtained in 1998 is inconclusive but strongly suggestive. 

The first US. patent was for a method of making potash, issued in 1790 to Samuei Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont. The patent examiner was Thomas Jefferson and the signator was George Washington. 

Deborah DeEugenio, Pharm.D., B.C.P.S., is a 2001 graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at the University of the Sciences (Philadelphia). She completed a residency in Pharmacy Practice at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (Philadelphia). Dr. DeEugenio is a member of the Temple University School of Pharmacy faculty as a Clinical Assistant Professor and a Certified Antithrombotic Provider and a Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist. Her clinical activity takes place at Jefferson Heart Institute as part of the Jefferson Antithrombotics Therapy Service. The ambulatory clinic serves 400 patients on chronic anticoagulation therapy and provides continuous monitoring and education to these patients. The clinic also provides drug information and pharmacy support to the physicians and other health-care providers at the Institute. 

Environmentally Induced Illnesses Ethics, Risk Assessment and Human Rights. Thomas Kerns, Jefferson, NC McFarland, [in press]. Addresses the ethics of managing environmental health and ubiquitous toxicants (such as solvents, pesticides and artificial fragrances). The work includes recent medical literature on chronic health effects from exposure to toxicants and the social costs of these disorders relevant historic and human rights documents recommendations for public policy and legislation and primary obstacles faced by public health advocates. 

In 1804 President Thomas Jefferson sent Army Officers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on an expedition to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and beyond and to look for a waterway that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This passage describes the collision of cultures that occurred between Native Americans and the representatives of the United States government. 

When Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark into the West, he patterned their mission on the methods of Enlightenment science to observe, collect, document, and classify. Such strategies were already in place for the epic voyages made by explorers like Cook and Van-(5) couver. Like their contemporaries, Lewis and Clark were more than representatives of European rationalism. They also represented a rising American empire, one built on aggressive territorial expansion and commercial gain. 

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