Delaware City

Depending on energy and raw material costs, the minimum economic carbon disulfide plant size is generaHy in the range of about 2000—5000 tons per year for an electric furnace process and 15,000—20,000 tons per year for a hydrocarbon-based process. A typical charcoal—sulfur facHity produces approximately 5000 tons per year. Hydrocarbon—sulfur plants tend be on the scale of 50,000—200,000 tons per year. It is estimated that 53 carbon disulfide plants existed throughout the world in 1991 as shown in Table 2. The production capacities of known hydrocarbon—sulfur based plants are Hsted in Table 3. The United States carbon disulfide capacity dropped sharply during 1991 when Akzo Chemicals closed down a 159,000 ton per year plant at Delaware City, Delaware (126). The United States carbon disulfide industry stiH accounts for about 12% of the total worldwide instaHed capacity. 

Emmel TE, Lee BB. 1983. Control technology assessment of petroleum refinery operations In-depth site visit report, Getty Refining and Marketing Company s Delaware Refinery, Delaware City, Delaware. Report to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH by Radian Corp, Salt Lake City, UT. NTIS publication no. PB84-146901. 

An industrial grade, skid-mounted unit (see Fig. 11.2) has been operating successfully at Occidental Chemical s Delaware City mercury cell plant since September 1997. Operating results have met both the expectations of the client and Kvaerner. This chapter discusses the operating experience at OxyChem and the resulting optimised commercial product, the Kvaerner Chemetics Sulphate Removal System or SRS . The acceptance in the market-place has been excellent four systems have been ordered and three are in the process of manufacture, with operations commencing later in 2000. Approximately 50 firm price proposals have been issued in the past two years. Several of these evaluations are in the final stages and will lead to the sale of units in the near future. 

Kvaerner Chemetics acknowledges the help and support of the staff of OxyChem, Delaware City, USA for their work and contributions to make the SRS a successful project. 

Event 9 Fire/Explosion—Sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid. Motiva Enterprises, LLC, Delaware City, Delaware (July 17, 2001). Collapse of a spent sulfuric acid storage tank (more than 250,000 gallons) triggered releases from nearby tanks, killed one contract worker, and caused a large fish kill. Other commonly bermed tanks were immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid for several days until they could be drained, but they did not fail ("News Link" Environmental 2008). 

News Link Environmental. 2008. Motiva Enterprises settles suit resulting from explosion at Delaware City refinery, www.caprep.com/0905038.htm (accessed April 27, 2008). 

Dichlorobenzene is currently produced by 3 U.S. companies at 3 different locations Monsanto Company, in Sauget, Illinois PPG Industries, Inc., in Natrium, West Virginia and Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., in Delaware City, Delaware (SRI 1997). Current annual production capacity for the Monsanto Company, PPG Industries, Inc., and Standard Chlorine Chemical Company is 33, 36, and... 

STANDARD CHLORINE OF DE DELAWARE CITY, DE 10,000.000 - 48,989,999 PRODUCE, ON-SITE USE/PROCESSING, SALE/DIST., REACTANT... 

Chlorobenzene is produced by three United States chemical companies Monsanto Chemical Company, Sauget, Illinois PPG Industries, Inc., Natrium, West Virginia and Standard Chlorine Chemical Co., Inc., Delaware City, Delaware. Production capacity for chlorobenzene at these plants has remained constant since 1985 although it appears that actual production has declined slightly during that period (Hughes et al. 1983 SRI 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 USITC 1988). 

Also, cogeneration project developers are seriously considering petroleum coke as a viable fuel source. The Delmarva Power plant in Delaware City, Delaware has been producing electricity and steam for Getty Oil s nearby refinery for several years. Atlantic Richfield is currently constructing a cogenerator at its Houston, Texas refinery with start up expected in 1986. The ARCO project will generate 135 MW and consume 500,000 tons of petroleum coke each year. 

There have been 17 chemical releases that have exceeded Bhopal in volume and toxicity. Fortunately, their locations and weather conditions prevented disasters such as Bhopal. In 1994, failure of a storage tank at Occidental Chemical allowed as much as 500 lb of chlorine to escape through a hole the size of a filing cabinet.89 Fortunately, air currents did not carry the cloud of chlorine over Delaware City, about a mile away, or New Castle, Delaware, a few miles to the north. (Chlorine was used as a war gas in World War I.)... 

In Delaware, this oil (4500 gal/yr) is recycled at the oil refinery at Delaware City 306 Liquid carbon dioxide is being used to take motor oil off of high-density polyethylene containers, so that both can be recycled.307 Safety-Kleen Corp. offers nationwide collection for used oil and antifreeze from cars and other sources.308 Mobile on-site services are also available for removing toxic compounds and acid degradation products from ethylene glycol antifreeze, with addition of new corrosion inhibitors, so that the antifreeze can be reused.309 Organoclays have been used to remove oils from water.310... 

Motiva Enterprises (called Star Enterprise before Shell s purchase of part of it in 1998) is a joint venture of Texaco, Shell, and the Saudi Arabian Oil Company. Its operations include a refinery, located near Delaware City, Delaware, which has had difficulties in meeting environmental standards over the years. (The following dates refer to items from the Wilmington Delaware News Journal, except as referenced otherwise.)... 

Star Enterprise 3 Delaware City, Del. flue gas desulfurization... 

The crude naphthalene fraction is then further purified by crystallization. The largest producer of petroleum-derived naphthalene is Texaco, Delaware City/ USA. 

Following the detailed Chemical Safety Board (CSB) report of the 2001 Delaware City sttlfuric acid tank incident the CSB published two reports of eerily similar tragedies. On October 16, 1995, a refinery incident occurred at the Permzoil refinery in... 

About 11 months after the 2004 Ilhopohs incident, (May 2005) at a Formosa Delaware City, Delaware, Plant, an operator mistakeidy transferred the contents of an operating reactor and this resulted in the release of over a ton of VCM to the atmosphere. It appeared to be similar to the incident described previously. However, one reported difference was opening the bottom valve required two chain-locked padlocks to be opened by two different operators. This separate set of eyes was nullified on this occasion when one operator provided his key to the operator doing the job. 

The company had similar previous incidents in Louisiana and Illinois but did not recognize the similarities and did not make a push for an effective bottom valve interlock on a more urgent priority. Furthermore a year after the lUiopoUs incident, Formosa experienced a similar incident in Delaware City, DE. 

U.S. Chemical and Hazards Investigation Board, Report No.2001-05-I-DE - refinery incident Motiva Enterprises EEC, Delaware City refinery. Delaware City, Delaware. July 17, 2001 Oct. 2002. p. 67. 

On the afternoon of July 17, 2001, a sulfuric acid tank caught fire and ruptured at the Motiva Enterprises, LLC Delaware City Refinery. Adjacent sulfuric acid tanks were damaged, and approximately one million gallons of acid escaped the secondary containment through an open valve. Acid was released to the surrounding area, entered into the sewer system, and then passed through Motiva s wastewater treatment system into the Delaware River. 

The Motiva Enterprises Delaware City Refinery began operation in 1956 as the Tidewater Oil Comparer and changed owners over the years. The refinery was described as a 140,000 bbl/day refinery, which contained a wide range of processing units including sulfuric acid alkylation unit [7],... 

Similar tragic incidents involving hot work to tanks provided within the CSB full report Delaware City... 

The U.S. CSB gathered a series of sad preventable case histories occurring in facilities in Florida, Delaware, Arkansas, Wisconsin, and Ohio as a backdrop to the 14 min safety video entitled Dangers of Hot Work. The video clearly warns of the hazards of welding and other hot work activities in and around storage tanks containing flammable materials. And one of those case histories is the Motiva Enterprises refinery in Delaware City, Delaware incident that was just discussed. 

US Chemical Safely and Hazard Investigation Board. Investigation Report No. 2001-05-1-DE - Refinery Incident Motiva Enterprises LLC, Delaware City Refinery, Delaware City, Delaware July 17,2001. Report issued October 2002. 

Houston and Texas City, TX, and Krotz Springs, LA Borger and Sweeny, TX Deer Park, TX, Martinez, CA, Norco, LA, and Wood River, IL Corpus Christi, TX Delaware City, DE, and Convent, LA Marcus Hook, PA, and Toledo, OH El Dorado, KS, Los Angeles, CA, and Puget Sound, WA... 

Facility Motiva Enterprises, LLC Location Delaware City, Delaware Date of Event ] Ay Y7,2001... 

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