Safrole sassafras

The use of coumarin, tonka bean, safrole, sassafras oil, dihydrosafrole, isosafrole, agaric acid, nitrobenzene, dulcamara, pennyroyal oil, oil of tansy, rue oil, birch tar oil, cade oil, volatile bitter almond oil containing hydrocyanic acid, and male fern as flavouring agents is prohibited. 

Regulatory Status. Only safrole-free sassafras extract ( 172.580) and safrole-free sassafras leaves and extracts ( 172.510) have been approved for food use. Safrole, sassafras and sassafras oil are prohibited from use in foods ( 189.180). ... 

But, safrole is the major component of the essential oil of sassafras which is still quite legal to obtain. Sassafras oil has a strong licorice smell which is imparted to it from the safroie molecule. Commercially, there are two kinds of sassafras... 

Suffice to say that anything that remotely smells like sassafras oil or licorice or any of those strong rustic spices is going to have some amphetamine precursor, maybe not safrole exactly, but definitely something. There is just no other substitute in nature for the aroma these unique compounds give. 

The sassafras oil that one gets these days is not only going to have the safrole but is usually going to have some amount of each of the compounds seen in Table 1 [6]. 

It will be a little tricky but one can also try to purify by freezing I The sassafras oil is thrown into the freezer to chill. Safrole itself freezes at -14°C so anything that starts to freeze prior to that can be cold filtered in a prechilled vacuum filtration setup. The filtrate goes back in the freezer until -14°C is reached and the mother lode of safrole freezes up. This again is filtered cold but this time the frozen mass of safrole crystals are washed with some ice cold methanol or ethanol (preferably at -14°C) to wash away the unfrozen high-boiling constituents. 

If one is absolutely serious about ultra pure safrole then it can be separated from the eugenol-free sassafras oil by treatment with mercuric acetate [1,2,3,4] which likes that terminal double bond that only safrole has. The Hg(AcO)2 latches on to safrole at that double bond bringing it into solution as a solid sort of like the way that eugenol was. The safrole can then be separated from its still oily buddies by vacuum filtration. Safrole is then regenerated to its normal oily form by treatment with hydrochloric acid (HCI) which flicks the Hg(AcO)2 off the safrole and the safrole double bond reforms. As it so happens, the mercuric acetate also reforms intact so that it can be reused again such as in one of those... 

I have derived a process for preferentially separating the Safrole out of Sassafras Oil. This process is based on the physical properties of the various components listed above combined with a little chemistry knowledge. The normal means of purifying Sassa-... 

To isomerize safrole to isosafrole one would like to have pure safrole to start with. This, usually, is not the case. Quasi-pure safrole from sassafras oil is ok. Straight-up sassafras oil is probably ok too, though not recommended. The safrole is then refluxed (boiled under a condenser) in a saturated KOHyethanoI solution for about a day and that s it. The temperature of reflux is about 120-140°C owing to the fact that the ethanol (usually boiling around 65-70°C) is saturated with the halide salt. 

Strike can t believe Strike can actually quote Strike s own book. That is so freaky )]. Most of these things will make amphetamines that are much more potent than X. It is also possible to play around with some of the little side groups on these to eventually make X or some other interesting psychotomimetics. With few exceptions these precursors are all substituted allylbenzenes just like safrole. They are all found in the same kind of legal oils and sold in the same kinds of places as sassafras. Finally, these precursors are turned into their own respective amphetamines using the exact same conversion recipes used for safrole. 

Safrole, a substance isolated from oil of sassafras, is used as a perfumery agent. Propose a synthesis of safrole from catechol (1,2-benzenediol). 

Sassafras, nutmeg, mace, star anise, cinnamon. Safrole ... 

Safrole is abundant in sassafras, no longer approved for use in human foods. It is a very minor constituent of the other flavorings listed here. 

From the information provided by the Russian authorities, the case involved 3,4-MDP-2-P that was being manufactured from safrole in the form of sassafras oil that had been smuggled into the Russian Federation from Viet Nam via China. Unfortunately, all markings had been removed from the actual containers and no supporting documentation was found, so further backtracking investigations were not undertaken. 

The Board welcomes the fact that, in accordance with the standard operating procedures of Project Prism, the competent authorities of China are now sending pre-export notifications for safrole in the form of sassafras oil. In 2004, those notifications resulted in the suspension of a shipment of over 1.5 tons of sassafras oil to Canada, which was subsequently released upon completion of the legal requirements. 

The oil contains more than 80% safrole and, like Brasilian sassafras oil is therefore used as a raw material for the production of heliotropin (piperonal, see p. 137) via isosafrole. 

Camphor oils with a high safrole content can also be obtained by steam distillation from other Cinnamomum species (see sassafras oils). 

Sassafras oil is used as a generic term for commercial essential oils containing high quantities of safrole. They originate from different botanical species. The main use of these oils is the isolation of safrole as the starting material for the production of heliotropin (see p. 136)... 

Brazilian sassafras oil is obtained by steam distillation of the roots, trunks, and branches of Ocotea pretiosa (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae) a tree growing wild in South America (Brazil). The oil was formerly called Ocotea cymbarum oil due to incorrect botanical naming. It is a yellow to brownish liquid with the characteristic odor of safrole. 

Chinese sassafras oils are oils or fractions of oils, rich in safrole, that are obtained from different species of the camphor tree (see Camphor Oils) [772]. 

Sassafras, Brazilian Ocotea pretiosa (Nees) Mez. Safrole (84)... 

Sassafras, Chinese Cinnamomum cam-phora Sieb. High boUing fraction safrole (80-90)... 

Safrole, which is both toxic and carcinogenic, occurs in sassafras oil up to 90%. There are two commercially important sassafras oils the Brazilian oil is obtained from the trunk wood of Ocotea pretiosa and the Chinese oil is obtained from Cinnamomum camphora by steam distillation of wood chips. Safrole from... 

Sassafras Blood thinner Safrole oil, hepatocarcinogen in animals Avoid... 

Determination of the phenols is of special importance in the analysis of hop (carvacrol), thyme, ajOwan (thymol), aniseed, badiana, fennel (anethole), clove bud and stem (eugenol) and sassafras oils (safrole). 

EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY There are about twenty different synthetic routes in the literature for the preparation of MDA. Many start with piperonal, and employ it to make methylenedioxyphenylacetone or a mcthylcnedioxydihydro-cinnamic acid amide instead of the nitrostyrene. The phenylacetone can be reduced in several ways other than the cyanoborohydride method mentioned here, and the amide can be rearranged directly to MDA. And there are additional methods for the reduction of the nitrostyrene that use no lithium aluminum hydride. Also there are procedures that have safrole or isosafrole as starting points. There is even one in the underground literature that starts with sassafras root bark. In fact, it is because safrole is one of the ten essential oils that MDA can humorously be referred to as one of the Ten Essential Amphetamines. See the comments under TMA. 

The 3,4-methylenedioxy pattern. One of the most famous essential oils is safrole, or 4-allyl-l,2-methylenedioxybenzene. This is the mainstay of sassafras... 

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