Oil Star-anise

ANETHOLE Up to 90+% in anise seed oil, 70+% in fennel and star anise oils, and in varying amounts in betel leaf, dill seed, carrot seed and coriander oils. 

ANISALOEHYDE In small amounts (less than 5%) in anise, cumin, fennel and star anise oils. 

Badflfissigkeit, /. bath liquid, bath solution. Badian, m. Chinese anise, star anise, badian Illicium verum). -ol, n. star anise oil. badisch, a. of Baden. — badische Saure, badische acid, 2-naphthylamine-8-sulfonic acid. 

Anacardic acid Anacardium occidentalle L Anisoxide Star anise oil... 

C10H12O, Mr 148.20, tranx isomer pioi.vkPa 234°C, pi.6kPa H5°C, df 0.9883, 1.5615, occurs both as its cis and trans isomers in nature however, /ran -anethole is always the main isomer. Anethole occurs in anise oil (80-90%), star anise oil (>90%), and fennel oil (80%). 

Star anise oil is obtained by steam distillation of the star-shaped fruits of Illicium verum Hook. f. (Illiciaceae), an evergreen tree growing in Vietnam and China. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid, which solidifles on cooling. 

The main component of star anise oil, as in anise oil, is /rans-anethole (86 93%) [779 782bj. Pure anethole can be obtained by rectiflcation (see p. 127). Star anise oil has replaced true anise oil derived from Pimpinella anisum in the production of natural anethole. 

Star anise oil and its product, anethole, are used primarily in the alcoholic beverage industry (anise liquors), but also for flavoring food and oral care products. FCT 1975 (13) p.715 [68952-43-2], [84650-59-9]. 

Another example is the synthesis of anisaidehyde from anethole obtained from star anise oil from the fruit and leaves of lllicium verum. Anethole can be oxidised, for instance, by chromic acid (a mixture of sodium dichromate and sulfuric acid) to anisaidehyde (Scheme 13.7). Star anise oil is produced in China in annual quantities of 500-800 t [3]. 

Star anise oil trans-Anethol Beverage and confectionery flavours... 

The seeds contain some volatile oil, resin and a large amount of fixed oil (Meisner, 1818). The fruit (without the seeds) contains volatile oil, resin, fat, tannin, pectin and mucilage. The volatile oil (oil of star-anise) amounts to about 4-5% and is almost identical with oil of anise (from P. anisum, LinnS). Star-anise oil from Chinese fruit has a specific gravity at 15°C (59°F) of 0.980-0.990 and its known constituents are anethol, phel-landrene, safrol and hydro-quinone-ethyl-ether (Fliickiger, 1879). Poisonous sikimin has been detected in the fruit (Eykmann, 1881), while Schlegel (1885) found a crystalline principle of a pronounced odour of musk. He also found saponin in the watery extract. 

The main component (80-90%) is (f )-anethole. Star anise oil and (F)-anelhole isolated from it are used in anise liqueur (Anisette, Sambuca) and anise brandy (Pernod, Ouzo, Raki, Arak), liquorice sweets, toothpaste, etc. It has almost completely replaced the original anise seed oil, obtained from the umbellifer P. anisum. Shikimic acid (Wang et al., 2001), used in the production of the antiviral drug Tamiflu (Roche), is extracted from the fruits of Chinese star anise and related species (Rahway, 1989). 

Rudzki, E. and Grzywa, Z. (1976) Sensitizing and irritating properties of star anise oil. Contact Dermatitis 2(6), 305-308. 

SYNS ANISEED OIL ANTS OEL (GERMAN) OIL OF ANISE STAR ANISE OIL... 

Star Anise Oil (Illicium verum) No, this is not anise. It is star anise and is a totally different plant which is mostly indigenous to Vietnam and China. In Table IV is a comparative study of commercial Star Anise oils [16]. 

Table IV. Comparative Chemical Composition of Star Anise Oils...

Star Anise Oil You can look at Table IV to see that Chinese Star Anise has a smidgen anisaldehyde. More recently it was shown that the oil specifically from the Yunnan region of China had a whopping 4.48% content [18]. 

Star Anise Oil Table IV in the Anethole Section shows the methylchavicol content from two of the biggest oil producing nations. It is disturbing to note that a study on the Vietnam and Chinese oils a year earlier showedalmostexactly opposite numbers [56, vol. Ill, p. 103].BythisI mean that Vietnam was shown to have approximately 6% and China to have none. I m confused. Most likely one or both have the goods. 

Since 2005, the Eur. Pharm. has changed its monograph for Anisi aetheroleum by limiting the source of the oil to Pimpinella anisum L. (formerly P. anisum and Illicium vemm Hook). In general, the monograph conforms with the ISO standard, supplemented by the limitation for foeniculin (max. 0.01%, adulteration with star anise oil) and fenchone (max. 0.01%, mixing or adulteration with fennel oil). 

Composition According to ISO [19], the oil contains 86-95% E-anethole, up to 1.0% Z-anethole and up to 6.0% methyl chavicol. Eoeniculin can occur up to 3.0%, anisic aldehyde is limited to 0.5%. Further constituents are monoterpenes like a-pinene, a-phellandrene, limonene, linalool and a-terpineol. Besides P-caryophyllene, two further sesquiterpenes are typical trace components for Chinese star anise oil, namely E-and Z-a-bergamotene. 

The 5 C-values of natural anethole, mainly the trans-isomer, originating from anise oil, star anise oil or feimel oil [279], are between -26 and -33%o. This broad area of the 5 C-values may be due to the origin from different plant variants and local conditions of biosynthesis. Nature-identical anethole, which is prepared by isomerisation of estragole [279, 282], has 5 C-values with a range from -27.7 to -32.8%o. This is not very surprising, as estragol is often originating from the same natural source as anethole. The C-content of another nature-identical anethole (-30.7 to -32.1%o) may be due to its chemical synthesis from anisol and propionic acid derivatives or prope-nol, respectively [279]. 

Occurrence In essential oils, often together with anethole, e. g., in star anise oil, fennel oil, and Tahiti vanilla, as well as in scents of acacia and wallflower blossoms. Aroma substance of Russula laum-cerasi (Basidiomycetes). 

Use Similar to star anise oil, mainly to improve the aromatic character of liquors and similar alcoholic beverages. 

C10H20O2, Mr 172.27. A monocyclic monoterpene dialcohol with the p-menthane structure occurring in nature in both the trans- and the c/s-forms, "trans-T. , mp. 158-159°C, c -T. ,mp. 104-105°C.The a5-T. exists mostly as the hydrate ( c -terpin hydrate , mp. 118 -119 °C) which is used as an expectorant. The occurrence of T. is probably the result of secondary formation from y-terpineol menth-4(8)-en-l-ol]. T. occurs in Chinese star anise oil (Illicium venim, Illi-ciaceae). For synthesis, see Ut.. ... 

Synonyms Anise, star, oil lllicium verum lllicium verum fruit oil lllicium verum oil Star anise oil... 

Star anise oil. See Star anise (lllicium verum) oil Star Binder P-10-A. See Acrylic resin Starch... 

Anethole, 5% petrolatum. Flavouring, from star anise oil (Rudzki and Grzywa 1976b)... 

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