Safety performance measurement operational risk management

In Chapter 25, Measurement of Safety Performance, it is said that precise and certain measures of safety, health, and environmental performance are difficult to obtain. Nevertheless, audits can be highly effective measures of the quality of operational risk management in place if they are well conceived and well done. It is suggested that the observation made by Kase and Wiese (1990) concerning the purpose of a safety audit be kept in mind ... 

The authors of the Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety (KBPS) (CCPS, 2007a) described the need for constant vigilance as the price of maintaining an effective process safety management system. An operator not only must be vigilant (aware of both past and current performance), but must not assume that current performance will be maintained, much less improved, without intentional evaluation of critical parts of systems and their performance. Performance measurement and metrics are a critical part of the RBPS system. 

Section 3.8.2 System/Cost Effectiveness Analyses. Describes the implementation of system and cost effectiveness analyses to support the development of fife cycle balanced products and processes and to support risk management. Describes the MOEs, how they interrelate, and criteria for the selection of measures of performance (MOPs) to support the evolving definition and verification of the system. Includes description of the overall approach for system/cost-effectiveness analysis as well as manufacturing analysis verification analysis distribution analysis operational analysis hiunan engineering, manpower, personnel, and training analysis usability analysis supportability analysis safety, health hazards, and environmental analysis and life cycle cost analysis. Describes how analytical results will be integrated. 

Nonprescriptive management programs have to be performance based because the only measure of success is success. Hence the only true measure of success of the program is not to have incidents. But from a theoretical point of view, such a goal is impossible to achieve. No matter how well-run a facility may be, accidents will occur risk can never be zero. For this reason some risk management professionals chose not to use the term compliance on the grounds that true compliance can never be reahzed. Because risk can never be zero, there are always ways of improving safety and operability. 

BDBAs and SAs An extension of the events that must be formally considered in safety analysis that takes the design well beyond its normal or limiting operational envelope and contains degradation of systems, components, and structures. Analyze and address weaknesses and inform risk-dominant accidents using probabilistic safety analyses, and develop emergency measures and procedures to manage the safety performance using state-of-the-art computer codes and applicable data. 

Various factors such as design features, ship owner management quality, crew operation quality, etc. have different degrees of influence on ship s overall safety performance throughout its life cycle. This will further be complicated when all these factors are evaluated simultaneously to obtain the optimised solution. The prime objective of this study is to identify the factors and their associated reasons for high risks and to suggest measures that would reduce the overall risk level of the ship. 

The work activity includes operation, use and maintenance. Those responsible for the work, and those engaged in it, need to be competent to appreciate the electrical hazards and the control measures needed to minimise the risks to an acceptable level these issues are addressed in Regulations 14 and 16. To this end, the person responsible for managing the work should consider the work activities, the risks that arise, the measures that should be taken to control them, and who should be allowed to perform them. If, for example, work has to be done on a low voltage system which necessitates it being made dead , the supply to it needs to be isolated, the isolator locked off and a test made to prove that the isolated part is indeed dead and therefore safe to work on. Anyone authorised to carry out these safety precautions has to be familiar with the system, knowing which isolator or isolators to open and lock off and how to apply the test. The responsible person should also ensure that those who do the work have appropriate technical knowledge to do it properly and, on completion, to test it to prove its safety. 

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