Indoor testing

Because of safety concerns, all combustible and/or toxic gases must be used in outdoor test loops or in a special indoor test building with the required safety monitoring equipment. The gas cost factor makes the problem even more difficult. The problem of known gas properties adds another complication. Despite all the negative aspects just mentioned, most performance tests are closed-loop tested. 

We included the NF and SC paper and peneil tests to see how scores on these indoor tests would relate to performanee on the military tasks. Between seheduled measurements, we let the men relax, play eards and, if not feeling either too confused (or too amused) by the drug effeets, eat their meals in the conventional manner. 

Xenon arc gas discharge lamps are recognized to approximate the spectrum of sunlight better than any other commercially available light sources. For this reason they are extensively used in commercial equipment for the indoor testing of polymers. Experiments with these instruments have been found to correlate well with outdoor tests. 

A recent standardization project is for Swedish Standard SS 11 72 11 Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmosphere— Accelerated Outdoor Test. Strom et al. (1992) at Volvo are devising four indoor tests. These developments are still in progress but already show that the 12-month outdoor scab tests can be simulated (in 12 weeks). The outdoor tests show that the distance of blistering of painted coatings from a scribe mark is inversely proportional to zinc coating thickness. Johannson and Rendahl (1991) have evaluated a range of zinc and zinc alloy coatings but find correlation with marine exposure rather low. 

Fig. 2. 25 Relation between weight increments and time for indoor tests started at four different dates in 1925 A, January 29 B, April 24 C, May 12 D, August 19 (Vernon, 1927),...

ABSTRACT Type of collapsibility of site is an important content in evaluation of loess collapsibility, the results calculated according to indoor test is often contradict with field test results. In order to solve the contradiction, the paper analyzes the factors that brings about difference in indoor and field test results based on the in-situ immersion test results in loess site completed in recent years, makes a study of the influence of discontinuous distribution of collapsible loess on collapse settlement, and presents the improved empirical formula for collapse settlement calculation under overburden pressure. The results show that indoor collapsibility test succeeds but impairs the correlation between factors such as loess property, stratum configuration, stress history, buried depth and settlement by immersion, during collapse settlement calculation, the correction of these influential factors shall be taken into consideration the standard used for judgment of loess as to whether it is collapsible may be properly heightened, in case of discontinuous distribution of collapsible loess, stress redistribution effect shall be taken into account. 

Based on the comparative analysis of measured results of 10 in-situ tests and indoor test data (measured value and calculated value collapse settlement under overburden pressure) given in Table 1, some phenomenon can be found ... 

This review paper includes three parts. First, the basic principles of salt weathering on porous materials are reviewed. Second, some field and indoor tests of "salt weathering" on concrete by sulfates are presented. Some appearances, which were generated by "salt weathering" on concrete but were opposite to the basic principles of salt weathering on porous materials, are analyzed in detail. Several points that need further study are presented in the third part. 

In summary, based on the above analysis of indoor tests, two conclusions can be deduced ... 

The "salt weathering" on concrete was just received a lot of attention in the recent years. Based on the above analysis of a limited number of research reports, the experimental results already showed convincing appearances that were completely opposite to the basic principles of salt weathering distress on porous materials. On the contrary, the experimental results of long term field tests and indoor tests rather tended to indicate that chemical sulfate attack is the mechanism for the concrete damage. 

An important result of long term field tests is the negative role of mineral additions in the concrete sulfate resistance. Normally, the indoor tests [74 oi always showed that the mineral additions can improve the sulfate resistance of cementitious materials based on the full immersion in 5% sulfate solutions stored at 23.0 + 2.0°C. However, the long term field tests showed that the mineral additions accelerated the concrete decay. 

Besides, according to the review of indoor tests of "salt weathering" on concrete, two experimental results were observed showing that sulfate crystallization can be detected in the calcite crystals, the carbonation products of concrete (Fig. 12) and that carbonation could accelerate the concrete damage (Fig. 17). It might be that the efflorescence also occurs after concrete carbonation. 

Indoor test of textile antenna (with cell antenna disabled)... 

Field tests. The flame size and volume of smoke produced by some flares is too great for indoor tests. Such flares are tested outdoors at test sites that are relatively flat, open areas approximately 120 meters (400 feet) in diameter and that have a means of suspending the flare at least 24 meters (80 feet) above the center of a plane containing the photocells. Often the most practical method of evaluating light effects is visual observation supplemented with photography. This is particularly true of small arms tracers. 

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