Safety flammable chemicals

Open flame may ignite flammable chemicals, loose clothing, or hair alcohol, kerosene, potassium permanganate, hair, clothing Tie back hair. Avoid wearing loose clothing. Avoid open flames when using flammable chemicals. Be aware of locations of fire safety equipment. Notify your teacher immediately. Use fire safety equipment if applicable. 

D espite many safety precautions within chemical plants, equipment failures or operator errors can cause increases in process pressures beyond safe levels. If pressures rise too high, they may exceed the maximum strength of pipelines and vessels. This can result in rupturing of process equipment, causing major releases of toxic or flammable chemicals. 

Prototype Index of Inherent Safety (PUS) Chemical score inventory, flammability, explosiveness and toxicity Process score temperature, pressure and yield Total score sum of the chemical and process scores... 

In this thesis an inherent safety index for evaluating inherent safety in preliminary process design was presented. The inherent safety of a process is affected by both chemical and process engineering aspects. These have been dealt separately, since the index was divided into the Chemical Inherent Safety Index and the Process Inherent Safety Index. These two indices consist of several subindices which further depict specific safety aspects. The Chemical Inherent Safety Index describes the inherent safety of chemicals in the process. The affecting factors are the heat of the main reaction and the maximum heat of possible side reactions, flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, corrosiveness and the interaction of substances present in the process. The Process Inherent Safety Index expresses safety of the process itself. The subindices describe maximum inventory, maximum process temperature and pressure, safety of equipment and the safety of process structure. 

Injuries and fatalities from asphyxiation are often associated with personnel entry into inerted equipment or enclosures. Guidance on safe procedures for confined space access are provided by OSHA (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.146, Confined Space Entry Standard, 2000), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI, Z117.1, Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces, 2003), Hodson (Hodson, Safe Entry into Confined Spaces, Handbook of Chemical Health and Safety, American Chemical Society, 2001), and BP (BP, Hazards of Nitrogen and Catalyst Handling, 2003). OSHA has established 19.5 vol % as the minimum safe oxygen concentration for confined space entry without supplemental oxygen supply (see Table 23-18). Note that OSHA imposes a safe upper limit on 02 concentration of 23.5 vol % to protect against the enhanced flammability hazards associated with 02-enriched atmospheres. 

In 1992, OSHA promulgated its Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard (29 CFR 1910.119). The standard covers processes containing individually listed chemicals that present a range of hazards, including reactivity, as well as a class of flammable chemicals. Reactive chemicals were selected from an existing list of chemicals identified and rated by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) because of their instability rating of "3" or "4" (on a scale of 0 to 4)4,5... 

The greatest safety hazard in chemical engineering operations is without question caused by uncontrolled chemical reactions, either within the chemical reactor or when flammable chemicals escape from storage vessels or pipes. Many undergraduate students are never exposed to the extremely nonlinear and potentially hazardous characteristics of exothermic free radical processes. 

An obvious method for increasing the inherent safety of a production process is to substitute safer chemicals for more hazardous chemicals wherever possible. For example, flammable chemicals might be replaced by nonflammable chemicals explosive chemicals might be replaced by less reactive chemicals and highly toxic chemicals might be replaced by less toxic chemicals. 

Secondary prevention and mitigation, by themselves, are unable to eliminate the risk of serious or catastrophic chemical accidents, although improved process safety management can reduce their probability and severity. Most chemical production involves transformation processes, which are inherently complex and tightly coupled. Normal accidents are an unavoidable risk of systems with these characteristics [11]. However, the risk of serious, or catastrophic, consequences need not be. Specific industries use many different processes. In many cases, alternative chemical processes exist which completely or almost completely eliminate the use of highly toxic, volatile, or flammable chemicals [12]. 

Table 2 lists some of the physical, toxicity, flammability, and reactivity properties of common chemicals (10,13,42,45—51). Also given are some of the quantities specified for reporting spills and for compliance with legislated requirements. The OSHA regulations require that material safety data sheets (MSDS) be developed for all process materials, so that the hazard data can be communicated to employees (52). Characteristics of toxicity, flammability, chemical instability, reactivity and reaction energy, operating conditions, and corrosive properties of construction materials must all be considered in analyzing hazard potentials of chemicals and chemical operations. 

Cabinets designed for the storage of flammable chemicals should be properly used and maintained. Read and follow the manufacturer s information and follow these safety practices ... 

Fires can be devastating to any laboratory. One of the principal causes of fires is the careless use of flammable chemicals. Reinforcing the need for prevention of fires is an important part of your safety education, and developing an understanding of the chemistry of fire can make it easier to prevent fires from occurring. 

FIGURE 5.3.5.2 Outlet in Chemical Hood. A strip outlet in a chemical hood represents a fire hazard since the outlets and switch are not spark-proof and flammable chemicals are often used in hoods. The dangUng cords might also present a trip hazard. A liquid spiU could also present a shock hazard. (From Journal of Chemical Health and Safety 7(5) 6 (2000). Used with permission. Copyright 2000 Division of Chemical Safety and Health of the American Chemical Society.)... 

When considering undertaking furniture restoration in a small section of a multi-occupied warehouse the fire safety impact of introducing highly combustible materials and highly flammable chemicals into a warehouse situation must be assessed. 

Use safety storage cabinets for storage of flammable chemicals. 

Precaution Wear safety glasses, chemical type goggles, or face shield avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents HMIS Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Store away from high temps, and moisture Cola Det SCE-40 [Colonial Chem.]... 

Precaution Use chemical resistant gloves, safety glasses, chemical protective clothing prevent from entering sewer systems, surface water or soil incompat. with strong oxidizing agents NFPA Health 1, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0... 

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