Rubber acceleration manufacture

Dimeihylamine, C2H7N, (CH3)2NH. Colourless, inflammable liquid with an ammoniacal odour, mp -96" C, b.p. 7°C. Occurs naturally in herring brine. Prepared in the laboratory by treating nitrosodimetbyl-aniline with a hot solution of sodium hydroxide. Dimethylamine is largely used in the manufacture of other chemicals. These include the solvents dimethylacetamide and dimethyl-formamide, the rocket propellant unsym-metrical dimethylhydrazine, surface-active agents, herbicides, fungicides and rubber accelerators. 

Classed as ultra accelerators, xanthates are among the fastest of accelerators available to the rubber compounder. Their speed is such that they find only limited application in solid rubber product manufacture but they are used in low temperature curing of latex articles. 

Aniline is an aromatic amine used in the manufacture of dyes, dye intermediates, rubber accelerators, and antioxidants. It has also been used as a solvent, in printing inks, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic developers, plastics, isocyanates, hydroquinones, herbicides, fungicides, and ion-exchange resins. It is produced commercially by catalytic vapor phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (Benya and Cornish 1994 HSDB 1996). Production of aniline oil was listed at approximately 1 billion pounds in 1993 (U.S. ITC 1994). Chemical and physical properties are listed in Table 1-2. 

Used industrially in the manufacture of butyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, quinaldine, resins, rubber antioxidants, insecticides, and other chemicals used as a solvent, warning agent in fuel gases, as a rubber accelerator, in leather tanning, and as a denaturant in alcohol. 

Benzoquinone was first produced commercially in 1919, and has since been manufactured in several European countries, Japan and the United States. Its major use is in hydroquinone production, but it is also used as a polymerization inhibitor and as an intermediate in the production of a variety of substances, including rubber accelerators and oxidizing agents (lARC, 1977). 

In addition to its use in plastics manufacture, thiourea is used in some photographic processes and photocopying papers in organic synthesis as an intermediate (drugs, dyes, cosmetics) in rubber accelerators and as a mold inhibitor. 

Uses Aniline is an oily liquid used in the manufacture of dyestuffs, intermediates for dyestuffs, and manufacture of rubber accelerators and antioxidant substances. Aniline has been extensively used as an intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, isocyanates, and hydroquinones. Occupational exposure to aniline is extensive and as diverse as its industrial uses. Workers associated with the manufacturing of acetanalide bromide, coal tar, colors and dyes, leather, disinfectants, nitraniline, perfumes, rubber, and photographic materials become victims of adverse effects from aniline. 

Manufacture of insecticides, fungicides, dyestuffs, and pharmaceuticals. Intermediate for rubber accelerators. 

Solvent, intermediate in synthesis of rubber accelerators, de-hairing agent, manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides, bactericides, and textiles. Hazards... 

Synonyms and trade names acetic aldehyde, aldehyde, ethanol, ethylaldehyde Use and exposure Acetaldehyde is a highly flammable, volatile, colorless liquid with a characteristic and pungent odor. It is miscible in water. Exposure to acetaldehyde occurs during the production of acetic acid and various other industrial chemical substances—for instance, manufacture of drugs, dyes, explosives, disinfectants, phenolic and urea resins, rubber accelerators, and varnish. - - ... 

Butanal is used in the manufacture of rubber accelerators, synthetic resins, solvents, and plasticizers. -Butyraldehyde is used as an intermediate in the manufacturing of plasticizers, alcohols, solvents, and polymers (such as 2-ethylhexanol, -butanol, trim-ethylolpropane, -butyric acid, polyvinyl butyral, methyl amyl ketone). It is also used as an intermediate to make pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, antioxidants, rubber accelerators, textile auxiliaries, perfumery, and flavors. It has no therapeutic use at the present time. 

MBT is produced by reacting aniline and carbon disulfide with sulfur at 250 °C and under pressure. The major portion is further processed to MBTS, also an important intermediate in the manufacture of various thiazoles for rubber accelerators and plasticizers,... 

FDA approved 1998 for die following materials to be used in contact with food adhesive preservatives, 21CFR175.105 a rubber accelerator (up to 1.5% of weight of rubber), 21CFR177.2600 in the synthesis of slimicides for use in paper/paper-board, 21CFR176.300 an adjuvant in die manufacture of foamed plastics, 21CFR178.3010. Listed in 40CFR136.1 and USEPA Method 640 The Determination of Mercaptobenzothiazole in Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters. 

Use Rubber accelerator, inhibitor in hydrogen peroxide, stabilizer for cellulose ester coatings, manufacture of intermediates (p-nitroaniline, p-nitroace-tanilide, p-phenylenediamine), synthetic camphor, pharmaceutical chemicals, dyestuffs, precursor in penicillin manufacture, medicine (antiseptic), ace-tanisole. 

Use Manufacture of dyes and rubber accelerators, fumigant, acaricide. 

Use Acid-gas absorbent, solvent antioxidants, manufacture of dimethylformamide and dimethylacet-amide, dyes, flotation agent, gasoline stabilizers, pharmaceuticals, textile chemicals, rubber accelerators, electroplating, dehairing agent, missile fuels, pesticide propellant, rocket propellants, surfactants, reagent for magnesium. 

Use Intermediate in manufacture of insecticides, synthetic resins plasticizer, rubber accelerator. 

Use Manufacture of pharmaceuticals (such as nicotinic acid), dyes, insecticides, rubber accelerators, and in organic synthesis. 

Use Storage batteries, ceramic cements and fluxes, pottery and glazes, glass, chromium pigments, oil refining, varnishes, paints, enamels assay of precious metal ores, manufacture of red lead, cement (with glycerol), acid-resisting compositions, match-head compositions, other lead compounds, rubber accelerator. 

Use Refractories, especially for steel furnace linings, poly crystalline ceramic for aircraft windshields, electrical insulation, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, inorganic rubber accelerator, oxychloride and oxysulfate cements, paper manufacture, fertilizers, removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases, adsorption and catalysis, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, food and feed additive. 

Use Diazotization (by reaction with hydrochloric acid to form nitrous acid) rubber accelerators color fixative and preservative in cured meats, meat products, fish pharmaceuticals photographic and analytical reagent dye manufacture antidote for cyanide poisoning. 

Agent Index A264 Thiodiglycol CAS 111-48-8 NAERG None Liquid. Common Commercial Use Used as a printing-ink solvent, antioxidant, lubricant additive, rubber accelerator and in the manufacture of plastics and pesticides. TWA — IDLH — Evacuation Distances None established MW 122.2 MP 3°F BP 540°F VP — SG 1.18 RVD 4.2 Sol Miscible Fl.P 320°F IP —... 

Curing of phenolformaldehyde and resor cinolformaldehyde resins. Protein modifier. Organic synthesis. Rubber accelerator. Antibacterial fungicide. Shrink-proofing textiles. Corrosion inhibitor. Manufacturing rubber-to-textile adhesives, pharmaceuticals, high explosives, and fuel tablets. 

MAJOR USES Manufacture of other chemicals including benzyl compounds, synthetic tannins, dyes, perfumes, phamiaceutical products, fungicides, pesticides used in manufacturing process of photographic developer, penicillin precursors, rubber accelerators, lubricants, plastics, odorants, plasticizers. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of butyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, maleic acid, crotyl alcohol, sorbic acid, crotonic acid, and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol minor amounts are used in the preparation of rubber accelerators utilized as a solvent in purification of lubricating oils, and in the manufacture of insecticides, rubber antioxidants and resins. 

Often an alkyl group is introduced into a larger molecule by building it up from smaller molecules, one or more of which carry the alkyl group. For example, in the manufacture of the alkylated rubber accelerators, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, and sulfide [bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide and sulfide], the alkyl groups are introduced as dimethylamine, which is itself a product of alkylation. 

Dimethylaniline is widely used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, rubber accelerators, explosives, and some medical products. Such important dyes as auramine, malachite green, methyl violet, crystal violet, and methylene blue are dmved from dimethylaniline. This compoimd also finds application in the preparation of quaternary alkylating compounds, such as are described under Oodeine. The explosive tetryl, which is tri-nitrophenylmethylnitramine, is manufactured by the nitration of dimethylaniline. 

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