Explosives tetryl

Tetryl. Tetryl or 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methylnitramine, 3, was frequently used as a base charge in blasting caps, as the booster explosive in high-explosive shells, and as an ingredient of binary explosives. Tetryl is now replaced by PETN or RDX. Tetryl is a very toxic chemical [4-6],... 

Tetry1 (tr i ni trophenylmethy1n i trami ne) is a fine, yellow crystalline which is more powerful than TNT. Pure tetry1 is too shocksensitive to be used as a demolition explosive however, when small quantities are compressed Into pellet form it is perfectly safe. Tetryl booster pellets are commonly used in bursting projectiles to assure the detonation of a less sensitive filler explosive. Tetryl is also compounded with TNT to form the demolition explosive tetryol. 

Dimethylaniline is widely used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, rubber accelerators, explosives, and some medical products. Such important dyes as auramine, malachite green, methyl violet, crystal violet, and methylene blue are dmved from dimethylaniline. This compoimd also finds application in the preparation of quaternary alkylating compounds, such as are described under Oodeine. The explosive tetryl, which is tri-nitrophenylmethylnitramine, is manufactured by the nitration of dimethylaniline. 

Tetiyl. 2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylm tramine (tetryl) was used ia pressed form, mostly as a booster explosive and as a base charge ia detonators and blasting caps because of its sensitivity to initiation by primary explosives and its relatively high energy content. Properties are presented ia Table 11 (173). Batch and continuous processes for the production of tetryl have been developed. Tetryl is no longer used ia the United States and has been replaced by RDX (174-178). 

Measurement of Acidity or Alkalinity of Explosives. (Measurement of pH value). These tests consist essentially of extrg the sample of expl with w (either cold in the case of liquids such as NG, or hot for solids such as TNT, Tetryl, PA, etc), and detg the acidity of the resulting extr either by titration, colorimetric methods or by means of a pH meter. These tests are described under the individual compds... 

Heat Test. Loss 1st 48 hrs 0,07% loss 2nd 48 hrs 0.00% explosion in 100 hrs none Hygroscopicity. % wt gain at 30°, 90% RH trace Vacuum Stability Test, cc/40 hrs at 90° none 100° none 120° 0.11 Sand Bomb Test (200g). 16.3 g sand Sensitivity to Initiation. Minimum detonating charge, g LA 0.20 Tetryl 0.25 Solubility. g/lOOcc solvent in water at 100° 0.10 NB at 150°, <15. Sol in acet ac, nitric acid, caustic potash v sol in dimethyl form-amide insol in ethyl ale, benz, butyl acetate, CC14 ethyl ether (Ref 6)... 

Petrin. The earliest reference to its prepn and use appears to be in German patents (Ref 1). Ref 15 gives its heat of explosion as 1204cal/g, and its impact sensitivity as 5 to 10 inches on the PicArsn impact machine (or roughly equivalent to Tetryl)... 

VIII. Explosive Characteristics. Picric Acid is generally considered to be a relatively insensi tive but brisant expl. On a qualitative sensitivity scale of comparing common expls, PA would be judged to be more sensitive than TNT but appreciably less sensitive than Tetryl. Its power and brisance are also similar to those of TNT (112% TNT in the Ballistic Mortar 101% of TNT in the Trauzl Block and 107% in the plate dent test (Ref 48). In this section we will consider the steady detonation parameters. initiation characteristics and potential hazards of PA... 

A detonator, in the form of explosive plates made with tetryl then a screen made of cellulose acetate plates is placed in a wooden container. A 26 mm diameter cylinder full of the substance to be analysed is placed on the screen, and finally a steel plate on top of the cylinder is added. If the substance transmits the detonation, the steel plate will be pierced and not projected. Piercing serves as an indicator of detonation transmission. The number of cellulose acetate disks needed between the sample and the detonator to prevent the detonation from being transmitted is found. Only one is needed for most chemical substances, but with m-dinitrobenzene, 240 are required. 

RDX may be used alone in pressed charges, although for this purpose tetryl is a more general choice. For shell and bomb fillings it is too sensitive alone to initiation by impact and friction and is either desensitised with wax, or else used like PETN in admixture with TNT. RDX may also be compounded with mineral jelly and similar materials to give a useful plastic explosive. 

Tetryl is a pale yellow solid, melting at 129°C. It is moderately sensitive to initiation by friction or percussion. Tetryl is most used in the form of pressed pellets as primers for other less easily initiated explosives. 

Although the requirement for flame sensitiveness is the main consideration for initiating explosives for plain detonators, others are important in manufacture. The explosive must be capable of compression into a coherent mass and at the same time leave the equipment free from adhesions. Lead azide can be somewhat deficient in cohesion, and to improve this a small proportion of tetryl is sometimes added to the... 

For both technical and economic reasons, current detonators contain a base charge of high explosive which provides the main initiating power of the device. The most satisfactory high explosives for use as base charges are PETN, tetryl and RDX, and of these the first is by far the commonest, because of its sensitiveness and relatively low cost. 

All the explosives used for military purposes are in general very insensitive and except in the smallest hand grenades a gaine or booster is used to ensure proper initiation. Such gaines are usually made by compressed pellets of tetryl inserted as a column into a metal tube inside the explosive charge. 

Surprisingly, even the dihydrate is apparently detonated by a 50 g tetryl booster, the anhydrous acid is thermally less stable and thus probably more sensitive. There is, however, no history of explosion. 

Durgapal, U. C. et al., Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 1995, 20, 64 This compound, made by mild nitration of polyvinyl alcohol, is an explosive as shock sensitive as tetryl. 

Slit open about 1 yard of primacord with a sharp knife and collect the powder on a piece of clean paper or in some clean container. (NOTE The explosive used in primacord usually is PETN. Other explosives sometimes used in detonating cord are Tetryl, RDX, and TNT. In this technique Tetryl will work as well as PETN. The others may not.)... 

Secondary explosives (also known as high explosives) are different from primary explosives in that they cannot be detonated readily by heat or shock and are generally more powerful. Secondary explosives can be initiated to detonation only by a shock produced by the explosion of a primary explosive. Widely used secondary explosives include trinitrotoluene (TNT), tetryl, picric acid, nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitroguanidine, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranit-... 

Tetryl (C7H5N508) is a pale yellow crystalline solid. It is moderately sensitive to initiation by friction and percussion and is used in the form of pressed pellets as primers for explosive compositions that are less sensitive to initiation. It is slightly more sensitive than picric acid and considerably more sensitive than TNT. In the early 1900s, tetryl was used as base charges for blasting caps but now has been replaced by PETN and RDX. During World War II, tetryl was used as a component of explosive mixtures. 

Hexanitrostilbene or HNS (C14H6N6012) is a heat-resistant yellow crystalline solid explosive. HNS is also resistant to radiation, insensitive to electric sparks, and less sensitive to impact than tetryl. It is used in heat-resistant booster explosives and has been used in stage separations in space rockets and for seismic experiments on the moon. Its melting temperature is 316 °C.12... 

UV detectors, ECD, and TEA have been used with HPLC to analyze explosives The UV detector was the first to be used with HPLC and is still the most popular some explosives can be detected in the nanogram range with the UV detector, including TNT, RDX, tetryl, PETN, tetrytol, nitroglycerine, EGDN, and HMX... 

With a TEA detector, SFC can detect a number of explosives including nitroglycerine, EGDN, PETN, mannitol hexanitrate, RDX, HMX, TNT, tetryl,... 

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