Roundworm infection, treatment

For adults and children over 2 years of age, the treatment is a single dose of 400 mg orally (repeated for 2-3 days for heavy ascaris infections and in 2 weeks for pinworm infections). These treatments achieve high cure rates for these roundworm infections and marked reduction in egg counts in those not cured. 

Piperazine (single dose of 3.5 g for two consecutive days) is indicated in the treatment of enterobiasis (pinworm infection) and ascariasis (roundworm infection). 

Ascarix ItimhricoitU x (common roundworm) infects the jjut lumen in about 25% of the world s population. The worms, v htch are between 1(1 and, () cm long, are common in the subtropics, especially in areas where sanitation is poor. Treatment is with oral niebendaxolc orievami-sole. Piperazine is also effective but may cause vomiting and diarrhoea. 

Once widely used as an anthelmintic for treatment of roundworm infection in pigs and poultry. Yellow microcryst. powder. Spar. sol. H2O. Mp 225-227° subl. N-Afe. [5712-49-2]. N-Methylpiperazinedithiocarbamic acid. 4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbodithioic acid, 9CI C6H12N2S2 M 176.306... 

Mebendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate derivative that is used for the treatment of threadworm, roundworm, whipworm and hookworm infections. It is not recommended for women who are pregnant and in children under 2 years because the manufacturer reports that toxicity in animal studies has been reported. 

Although relatively high doses (4 6 kGy) are required to kill food-borne parasites, much lower doses are adequate to prevent their reproduction and maturation resulting in loss of infectivity. Table 6 summarizes the effect of ionizing radiation on the most important parasites that may be associated with fishery products and meats [38]. Thus the parasitic roundworm Trichinella spiralis, which causes trichinosis, the pork and beef tapeworms, the protozoon in pork responsible for toxoplasmois, and various flukes that infest fish, can be rendered noninfective by low-dose radiation treatment. Doses of... 

Albendazole (Albenza) is primarily used to treat infections caused by the larval form of certain cestodes (tapeworms). These infections often cause cysts (hydatid disease) in the liver, lungs, and other tissues albendazole is used as an adjunct to the surgical removal of these cysts or as the primary treatment if these cysts are inoperable. This drug is also effective against many gastrointestinal roundworms and hookworms, and is typically used as a secondary agent if other anthelmintics are not effective in treating these infections. 

Elecampane is stated to possess expectorant, antitussive, diaphoretic, and bactericidal properties. Traditionally, it is used in the treatment of bronchial and tracheal catarrh, cough associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and dry irritating cough in children. Alantolactone is used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of roundworm, threadworm, and whipworm infection. 

Piperazine citrate is used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of infections caused by pinworms and roundworms. It is also employed by veterinarians against various worms infecting domestic animals, including chickens. 

Pyrantel pamoate [pi RAN tel] along with mebendazole is effective in the treatment of infections caused by roundworms, pinworms (see Figure 36.4), and hookworms. Pyrantel pamoate is poorly absorbed orally and exerts its effects in the intestinal tract. It acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, causing persistent... 

Albendazole, a benzimidazole derivative closely related to mebendazole (qv), is used in the treatment of helminth infections, such as gastrointestinal roundworms, hydatid disease, neurocysticercosis, larva migrans cutanea, and strongyloidiasis (1). Provided that an adequate concentration is attained within the cyst, it is scolicidal. In high doses given for prolonged periods or cyclically, it is... 

Thiabendazole. This benzimidazole derivative (12) is an effective oral drug used in the treatment of intestinal roundworms and selected tissue parasites. Infections with S. stercorahs are commonly treated with thiabendazole for two days. Disseminated strongyloidiasis is treated for at least five days. Satisfactory results have been reported when used for T. spirahs infections however, its effectiveness on encapsulated muscle larvae has not been clinically demonstrated. Extensively used in veterinary medicine, thiabendazole was the first broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. It is widely used in the United States. The mechanism of action is not clearly understood, but it has been shown that thiabendazole inhibits the enzyme fiima.ra.te reductase, which is found specifically in the mitochondria of helminths (31). 

Mebendazole is a benzimidazole that kills parasitic worms by blocking glucose uptake, thus depleting stored glycogen. Without glycogen, parasites cannot reproduce or survive. It is indicated in the treatment of Trichuris trichuria (whipworm), Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Ascaris lum-bricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (common hookworm), or Necator americanus (American hookworm), in single infection or mixed infections. 

Pyrantel, a pyrimidine derivative with antihehnintic properties (single dose of 11 mg/kg p.o.), is used in the treatment of roundworm and pinworm infections. 

Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate (not listed in this question) are drugs of choice for the treatment of combined infections due to hookworm and roundworm. If this patient is also infected with Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), mebendazole would be more effective than pyrantel pamoate. The answer is (C). 

In general, piperazine and a good munber of its salts e.g., adipate, calcium edetate, citrate, phosphate and tartrate— have been employed profusely in therapeutic treatment of roundworm and pinworm infections. Piperazine itself is a representative example of this class of compoimds ... 

Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The current treatment involves noxious organic drugs, the dose being limited by the toxicity of the therapy. Helminth worms include flukes, tapeworm and roundworms, which cause a diverse range of infections all over the world. For example, the annual incidence of infection from threadworm exceeds 200 milhon cases, including high levels of infection in Europe, Canada and the US. 

Orally al orbed anthelmintic used for treatment of infections caused by pinwonn, whipworm, common roundworm, and hodtworms. 

Used for veterinary treatment of porcine roundworm and nodular worm infections. 

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