Roundworm infection

Schad, GA. (1989) Morphology and life history of Strongyloides stercoralis. In Grove, D.I. (ed.) Strongyloidiasis a Major Roundworm Infection of Man. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 85-104. 

Diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan) is used to treat certain roundworm infections of the lymphatics and connective tissues, including loiasis, onchocerciasis, and Bancroft filariasis. This agent immobilizes immature roundworms (microfilariae) and facilitates the destruction of these microfilariae by the body s immune system. Diethylcarbamazine is also effective against the adult forms of certain roundworms, but the mechanism of this anthelmintic action against mature nematodes is not known. 

Thiabendazole (Mintezol) is often used in trichinosis and several other types of roundworm infections (see Table 35-5). The anthelmintic mechanism of this drug is not fully understood, but selective inhibition of... 

For adults and children over 2 years of age, the treatment is a single dose of 400 mg orally (repeated for 2-3 days for heavy ascaris infections and in 2 weeks for pinworm infections). These treatments achieve high cure rates for these roundworm infections and marked reduction in egg counts in those not cured. 

This drug has been in clinical use for over 35 years. Even today it is recommended as a drug of choice for treating roundworm infection in many countries of the world due to its low cost, high activity and practically no toxicity. Tih the advent of modern anthelmintics like pyrantel pamoate and mebendazole, piperazine was used as the drug of choice for treating roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), and pin-worms (Enterobius vermicularis) in adults and children [52]. 

After it was established that the 2-alkoxycarbonylamino function is an essential requirement for obtaining anthelmintic activity in benzimidazoles, a series of 5(6)-alkyl/arylbenzimidazole-2-carbamates (37) and 5-(2-substituted ethenyl)benzi-midazole-2-carbamates (38) were prepared [5,54,55]. The most effective derivative was found to be methyl 5(6)-butylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate (13 parbendazole) [10], which finds wide usage in management of intestinal roundworm infections in domestic animals [14]. 

Piperazine (single dose of 3.5 g for two consecutive days) is indicated in the treatment of enterobiasis (pinworm infection) and ascariasis (roundworm infection). 

Ascarix ItimhricoitU x (common roundworm) infects the jjut lumen in about 25% of the world s population. The worms, v htch are between 1(1 and, () cm long, are common in the subtropics, especially in areas where sanitation is poor. Treatment is with oral niebendaxolc orievami-sole. Piperazine is also effective but may cause vomiting and diarrhoea. 

Levamisole is very effective in roundworm infections. It is given orally and paralyses the womis, which arc then e.xpelled in the faeces. Levamisole very rarely causes nausea nr vomiting. 

Once widely used as an anthelmintic for treatment of roundworm infection in pigs and poultry. Yellow microcryst. powder. Spar. sol. H2O. Mp 225-227° subl. N-Afe. [5712-49-2]. N-Methylpiperazinedithiocarbamic acid. 4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbodithioic acid, 9CI C6H12N2S2 M 176.306... 

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