Weathering retard

Overall, these characteristics demonstrate that ammonium dihydrogen phosphate makes excellent rapid-setting grouts for outdoor applications such as road-repair materials in winter time in cold countries, because cold weather retards the initial setting, release of ammonia does not affect the workers and users in an open atmosphere, and the high strength makes these cements superior to conventional Portland cement. Products based on this material have been marketed commercially. 

FWWMR Finish. The abbreviation for fire, water, weather, and mildew resistance, FWWMR, has been used to describe treatment with a chlorinated organic metal oxide. Plasticizers, coloring pigments, fiUers, stabilizers, or fungicides usuaUy are added. However, hand, drape, flexibUity, and color of the fabric are more affected by this type of finish than by other flame retardants. Add-ons of up to 60% are required in many cases to obtain... 

Ammonium Sulfamate. A number of flame retardants used for ceUulosic materials, including fabrics and paper products, are based on ammonium sulfamate (56). These products are water-soluble and therefore nondurable if treated fabrics are washed or exposed to weathering conditions. For most fabric and paper constmctions, efficient flame retardancy can be provided with no apparent effect on color or appearance and without stiffening or adverse effects on the feel of the fabrics. A wide variety of materials are treated, including ha2ardous work-area clothing, drapes, curtains, decorative materials, blankets, sheets, and specialty industrial papers (57). 

Textile finishing encompasses a broad range of approaches and may be directed toward needed properties such as shrinkage control or smooth-dry performance or toward developing properties for specific end uses such as flame retardance, soil release, smolder resistance, weather resistance, or control of static charges. 

S. L. LeVan, Effectiveness of Fire-Retardant Treatmentsfor Shingles after lOyears of Outdoor Weathering Research Paper PPL 474, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eorest Service, Eorest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wise., 1986. 

Retarders and Accelerators. Materials that control hardening of cement may be either organic or inorganic. Retarders are often incorporated in oil well cementing and hot-weather concrete appHcations, whereas accelerators may be useful for cold-weather concrete appHcations in which higher rates of reactivity are desirable. In most cases, these admixtures are used in low concentrations, suggesting that they act by adsorption. 

Chlorinated polyethylene CPEs provide a very wide range of properties from soft/ elastomeric to hard. They have inherent oxygen and ozone resistance, have improved resistance (compared to PEs) to chemical extraction, resist plasticizers, volatility, and weathering. Products do not fog at high temperatures as do PVCs and can be made flame retardant. 

Furniture Work stations Hospital furniture Office furniture Outdoor furniture Flame retardance, appearance Flame retardance, cleanability Flame retardance, cost Weatherability, cost... 

Additional work regarding the release rates of Th and U, and the weathering and retardation rates of U, is still required to complement site evaluations. 

Additives are needed not only to make resins processable and to improve the properties of the moulded product during use. As the scope of plastics has increased, so has the range of additives for better mechanical properties, resistance to heat, light and weathering, flame retardancy, electrical conductivity, etc. The demands of packaging have produced additive systems to aid the efficient production of film, and have developed the general need for additives which are safe for use in packaging and other applications where there is direct contact with food or drink. 

We are interested in the effect of weathering on polymers for two distinctly different reasons. We may wish to retard it, so that our products survive longer in outdoor applications, or we may wish to accelerate it, so that products degrade rapidly when exposed to the elements. In either case, we need a way of predicting the response of polymers to the factors that produce measurable changes in their chemical and physical characteristics. Ideally, we would like to be able to obtain these results in as short a period of time as possible. 

Because weak CL emission often is produced from the oxidation of many solid organic compounds, the measurement of this light emission may be used as an indicator of changes in materials composition due to oxidation processes, and for evaluating stabilizers intended to prevent or retard these oxidative alterations [6], Some examples of materials than can be characterized by CL emission are the polymers that are degraded by weathering, exposure to heat, or exposure to ionizing radiation, or food components that suffer flavor alterations. In this... 

Intensive culture of bananas, as with many other crops, is beset with many problems. Even in isolated plantings, pests of one kind or another reduce the potential crop or even destroy it entirely. In the majority of cases pest control has been confined to large acreages in more intensified banana culture. Many factors have contributed to retarding the use of pest control, such as weather and ground conditions that prevent the use of portable equipment without expensive road systems, small plantations, lack of finances, indifference on the part of grower, and no local demand for quality fruit. 

Very flammable—can add flame retardants Not chemically resistant Weathers poorly... 

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