Respiratory syncytial virus prevention

Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus, preventing infection in susceptible cells in the airways. It is used in neonates at risk for this viral infection and reduces the frequency of infection and hospitalization by about 50% (see Chapter 49). 

Palivizumab (Synagis) 1998 Humanized 148 20 days IM(-) Targets fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection... 

Antiviral antibodies Preventing respiratory syncytial virus infections in premature infants Synagis... 

Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children less than 24 months of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or a history of prematurity (less than or equal to 35 weeks gestation)... 

In contrast to antibacterial antibiotic therapy, inhibition of viral replication is usually difficult to achieve. Therefore preventive strategies, such as vaccination, are frequendy more successful and clinically important. However, vaccines are not available for all viruses furthermore, some viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), are ubiquitously present and usually not very pathogenic unless in an immunocompromised host. One strategy to combat viral infecdons in the immunocompromised host is the application of neutralizing mAbs. One such mAh is directed to the F protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which afflicts premature newborns with often severe pulmonary infections this mAh appears to be useful in such situations (91). Other mAbs to viral antigens are in development. 

Pujol et al. in chapter eight, reviews the chemistry, origin and antiviral activities of naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharides for the prevention and control of viral infections such as HIV-1 and -2, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), dengue virus (DENV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza A virus. 

Palivizumab Prevention ot respiratory syncytial virus infection Rituximab Chemotherapy-resistant advanced tollicular... 

Groothuis JR. Safety of palivizumab in preterm infants 29 to 32 weeks gestational age without chronic lung disease to prevent serious respiratory syncytial virus infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003 22(7) 414-17. 

Therapeutics—prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, treatments of inflammation, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and treatment or prevention of transplant rejection... 

Effect of anti-viral agents to treat bronchiolitis induced by respiratory syncytial virus and to prevent asthma in young children at high risk. 

Ottolini MG, Hemming VG. Prevention and treatment recommendations for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Drugs 1997 54 867-884. 

McCarthy CA, Hall CB. Recent approaches to the management and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 1998 18 1-18. 

The Prevent Study Group. Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations among premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin prophylaxis. 

RANTES 17 Eo, Ep, mesotheUal, F, SMC, Me, K, T cells. Mo, EC, platelets IE-1/3, TNFa, angiotensin 11, respiratory syncytial virus, HEV, influenza Activates T, increases (3 integrin adhesion, prevents HEV infection Attracts Eo and BS, histamine release... 

Simoes EAF (1997) Respiratory syncytial virus infection pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Curr Opin Infect Dis 10 213-220... 

Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody that possess neutralizing and fusion-inhibitory activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), inhibiting RSV replication. It is indicated in prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in pediatric patients at high risk of RSV disease. 

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents a major cause of pediatric respiratory hospitalizations. RSV is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Palivizumab (Synagis) is a humanized monoclonal antibody to the fusion protein of RSV, and is active in animal models for prevention of pulmonary RSV replication [241]. Based on a phase I/II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation trial by Subramanian et al. in premature infants or infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, it was found that the mean half-life of 20 days was comparable with that of other immunoglobulin G preparations. Mean trough serum concentrations 30 days after infusion were 6.8, 36.1, and 60.6pg/mL for the 3-, 10-, and 15-mg/kg dose groups, respectively. Mean serum concentrations of palivizumab that have been shown to produce a 2-log reduction in pulmonary RSV titer in cotton rats were maintained when 10- or 15-mg/kg palivizumab was given every 30 days to pediatric patients at high risk... 

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) are leading causes of respiratory disease in infants, young children, immuno-compromized patients, and the elderly. Bitko et al. [140] used viral-specific siRNAs for the treatment of these respiratory syndromes in an animal model. In this study, either, or both, viral infections could be specifically prevented and inhibited when corresponding siRNAs were infused intranasally in mice, with or without transfection reagents. These investigators noted an excellent correlation between the activities observed in their siRNAs in in vitro cell cultures and those observed in their animal model. This type of approach presents a fast screen for efficient siRNA sequences before more expensive and demanding applications are pursued in animals. In addition, nasal administration of siRNA compounds seems to provide a convenient... 

Waris ME, Tsou C, Erdman DD et al. Priming with live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevents the enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response seen after RSV challenge in BALB/c mice immunized with formalin-inactivated RSV. J Virol 1997 71(9) 6935-9. 

The most widely used monoclonal antibody in this category is palivizumab (Synagis ) which is used in the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection caused hy respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants, which can prove fatal.As yet, there is no successfiil vaccine against infection. Palivizumab is a humanised mouse MAb which hinds to the RSVF protein which is present on the surface of the vims. Binding to the virus stimulates the immune response to remove the virus. 

Wu H, Pfarr DS, Johnson S, et al. Development of Motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract. / Mol Biol 2007 368 652-665. 

Meissner HC, WeUiver RC, Chartrand SA, Law BJ, Weisman LE, Dorkin HL, Rodriguez WJ. Immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants a consensus opinion. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999 18 223-231. 

Prevention of respiratory tract disease caused by syncytial virus in pediatric patients... 

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