Resistance Management and Risk Modifiers

Based on the environmental and toxicological properties of a compound, a rather fixed frame is given that defines the maximum number of apphcations per season and area. The assessment of resistance risk must be done within this frame and the number of applications may be further reduced to adequately manage resistance risk. 

Appropriate resistance management tools have to be chosen and validated for each individual pathogen/fungicide combination and out of all available resistance risk modifiers. The EPPO Standard on Resistance Risk Analysis [17] lists the following tools for lowering the overall resistance risk  

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