Interdisciplinary groups

University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Group Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany e-mail hermann(3)mvsas. uni-leipzie.de... 

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is revolutionizing the measurements of refractory metals, such as titanium, and can provide a wealth of isotopic information that could only be obtained previously with great difficulty. ICP-MS has been used as a fast and sensitive technique for measuring 230Th in marine sediments (Shaw and Francis, 1991) and barium in seawater (Klinkhammer and Chan, 1990). For the future, advances in the capabilities of mass spectrometers can be expected (Table 4), developed by interdisciplinary groups of academic, government, and industry scientists. It is unlikely, though not impossible, that MS techniques will be appropriate for buoy development. 

Successful interdisciplinary groups require certain common attributes ... 

Embley, R.W. and Baker, E.T. (1999) Interdisciplinary group explores seafloor eruption with remotely operated vehicle, EOS, Transactions, 80(19), 213, 219, and 222. 

Therefore, when designing the sampling plan, specialists must be consulted, sometimes interdisciplinary groups, gathering chemists, hydrologists, biologists and environment specialists. 

In Russia, a so-called Interdisciplinary Group was established which was in charge to develop HWCS suspensions and their hydro-transportation at distances over 200 km [270, 271]. The investigations developed in two main directions 1) stabilisation mechanism of the suspensions and control of their flow properties 2) the choice of additives - surfactants, polymers, inorganic substances which control the suspension properties. 

In this paper we refer to current work of an interdisciplinary group at Bristol in the reproductive semiochemistry of cattle, and in particular on the chemical signals associated with estrus. Any findings which facilitate estrus detection in cattle would be of economic importance (Bailie, 1982) for every estrus missed, delays insemination for three weeks with the result that annual milk yields and beef production are reduced. 

Project activities included intellectual research, pilot curriculum development, and outreach. Early in the project an interdisciplinary group of 19 scientists, engineers, social scientists and philosophers gathered in a research workshop. An engineer, a social scientist, and a philosopher made presentations about the ethical, institutional, and educational dimensions concerning energy ethics, complemented by a CSPO student s presentation on her graduate research. 

An interdisciplinary group at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the United States recently accomplished NMR spectroscopy measurements withont magnet suggesting that the concept of an NMR in the hood capability may not be that far away [17-21]. The work conld lead to portable NMR spectrometers and possibly even small personalized spectrometers for medical diagnosis. The team demonstrated the performances of the technique in distinguishing between several similar hydrocarbon molecules— the first time that zero-field NMR has been successfully used for such complex chemical analysis. 

In more practical terms, however, an interdisciplinary group of expects offers justified... 

---